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146 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 993: Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act

   …control. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and the Naturalization Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 4) supports federal authority over immigration. Additionally, the…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14268: Reforming Foreign Defense Sales To Improve Speed and Accountability

   …powers not delegated, but foreign affairs, national defense, and regulation of commerce with foreign nations are delegated to the federal government. Directing Secretaries of State and Defense to coordinate parallel decision-making within…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 11, 2026

   S. 2677: A bill to expand the sharing of information with respect to suspected violations of intellectual property rights in trade.

   …without clear procedural safeguards. While it operates within federal commerce authority, the expansion of information sharing to a broader set of private parties, including information from online marketplaces and freight forwarders,…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

   H.R. 5201: Kari's Law Reporting Act

   …speech, property, or privacy. Because it operates within Congress's interstate commerce power and merely requires agency transparency, it is fully constitutional. Congress has authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 to regulate…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 7567: Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026

   Farm bill rests on spending and commerce powers and shows no direct Bill of Rights breach or taking, but its omnibus federal control of largely state and local farm, food, forestry and development matters plus property-use conditions…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   S.J.Res. 13: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act.

   …procedural rule and reduces federal regulatory burden. It rests on enumerated commerce and necessary-and-proper powers, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual freedom, decentralizes rather than consolidates power, and…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.Res. 1423: Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 139) to make daylight savings time permanent, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8595) making appropriations for national security, Department of State, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 9237) to amend titles 10 and 38, United States Code, and other Federal laws, to improve benefits for veterans and the administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1181) to prohibit payment card networks and covered entities from requiring the use of or assigning merchant category codes that distinguish a firearms retailer from general-merchandise retailer or sporting-goods retailer, and for other purposes; and for other purposes.

   …interests by preventing compelled financial surveillance of lawful commerce. No rights are infringed by the rule itself under the First Amendment or Fourth Amendment. The resolution restricts no personal conduct, property use, labor,…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026

   Executive Order 14431: Enhancing Program Integrity and Interagency Coordination in the Administration of the H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Program

   …within the federal government's enumerated powers over immigration and foreign commerce, and it does not infringe on individual rights. The order's main constitutional tension lies in its delegation of authority and the potential for…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 1927: CLEAR Act of 2025

   …naturalization under Article I, Section 8, Clause 4, and the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3. The bill's provisions regarding detention, removal, and cooperation with state and local law…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 25: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales".

    …that burden unmet, so repeal restores freedom of contract and belief-neutral commerce. Disapproval moves decision-making downward by removing a federal compliance layer on decentralized protocols. Individuals can transact and keep records,…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 24: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers".

    …authority. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 gives Congress power to regulate commerce among the states, and Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 gives power to make laws necessary and proper for carrying federal powers into effect. Here Congress…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 14, 2026

    Executive Order 14406: Restoring Integrity to America's Financial System

    …statutory basis. The regulation of banking and finance is within Congress's commerce power (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), but the President's directive to propose changes to Bank Secrecy Act regulations may exceed executive authority if…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

    H.R. 1925: Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025

    …respect constitutional limits. Congress has authority over interstate commerce and transportation security under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause). Directing the TSA to report on digital identity ecosystems in the…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

    S. 1007: 9–8–8 Lifeline Cybersecurity Responsibility Act

    …government has authority to regulate interstate communications under the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3). The 9-8-8 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline is a national network that operates across state lines, and protecting it from…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14265: Modernizing Defense Acquisitions and Spurring Innovation in the Defense Industrial Base

    …has separately authorized defense acquisitions under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 12-14 to raise and support Armies, provide and maintain a Navy, and make rules for the armed forces, plus Clause 18 necessary and proper. The order creates…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 35: Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act

    …is arbitrary and not tied to any enumerated federal power such as regulating commerce or defending the nation. The Supreme Court has held that the federal government's power over immigration does not extend to creating general criminal…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 10326: PROOF Act

    …bypass. Congress has explicit authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 to spend for the general welfare and to oversee funds it appropriates for Medicaid, SNAP, TANF, and coronavirus programs, plus Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 to…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14384: Modifying Duties To Address Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation

    …following steps to stop Russian oil imports. It uses proper federal foreign-commerce power, eases burdens, infringes no rights, respects just process. Result is proper. This order lifts a prior 25 percent duty on goods of India tied to…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 35: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions".

    …and Article I, Section 8, Clauses 3 and 18 support regulation of interstate commerce and laws necessary and proper to check executive implementation. The Congressional Review Act, chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, is the statutory…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 11, 2026

    H.R. 1907: Defense Against Drones Act of 2025

    …powers by operating within federal authority over airspace and interstate commerce, while deferring to state firearm laws. It does not infringe the Bill of Rights, protects individual sovereignty by affirming property rights, passes all…