Search and Ask VFA

346 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.J.Res. 24: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers".

   …authority. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 gives Congress power to regulate commerce among the states, and Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 gives power to make laws necessary and proper for carrying federal powers into effect. Here Congress…

2. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to S. 4714 · Jun 11, 2026

   Voluntary Federal-State Fencing Modernization Grant Program Act of 2025

   …I, Section 8, Clause 1 (General Welfare / spending power — tied to interstate commerce in agriculture and conservation of water/soil affecting multiple states). Tenth Amendment — preserves state control over land use; program is…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 14, 2026

   Executive Order 14406: Restoring Integrity to America's Financial System

   …statutory basis. The regulation of banking and finance is within Congress's commerce power (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), but the President's directive to propose changes to Bank Secrecy Act regulations may exceed executive authority if…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 9086: Foreign Service Modernization Act

   …integral to the conduct of diplomacy and the execution of treaty and foreign commerce powers. No constitutional rights are implicated, and the bill does not affect the sovereignty of individuals or states. The only minor consideration is…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14258: Extending the TikTok Enforcement Delay

   …H, under its Article I, Section 8 powers, including Clause 3 on foreign commerce and Clause 11 and related national-security authorities. A categorical directive that the Department of Justice take no action until June 19, 2025, plus a…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14265: Modernizing Defense Acquisitions and Spurring Innovation in the Defense Industrial Base

   …has separately authorized defense acquisitions under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 12-14 to raise and support Armies, provide and maintain a Navy, and make rules for the armed forces, plus Clause 18 necessary and proper. The order creates…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14362: Designation of Certain Muslim Brotherhood Chapters as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists

   …be executed, implementing statutes passed under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 commerce with foreign nations, Clause 11 war-related powers, and Clause 18 necessary and proper. Cited authorities are Immigration and Nationality Act section…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026

   S. 3627: Pregnant Students’ Rights Act

   …with fixable issues. Congress has authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (Spending Clause) to attach conditions to federal funds, including student aid programs. The bill conditions participation in federal student aid on providing…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 13, 2026

   H.R. 504: Miccosukee Reserved Area Amendments Act

   …authority over Indian affairs under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (the Indian Commerce Clause). The bill addresses land within an existing Indian reservation and involves consultation with the Miccosukee Tribe, falling squarely within…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 35: Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act

    …is arbitrary and not tied to any enumerated federal power such as regulating commerce or defending the nation. The Supreme Court has held that the federal government's power over immigration does not extend to creating general criminal…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 1263: Strengthening the Quad Act

    …and Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations. Directing the State Department to engage in diplomatic dialogue with allied nations is a core exercise of these enumerated foreign…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 7744: Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2026

    …fall within these powers as they relate to national security and interstate commerce. The bill does not directly restrict any rights protected by the first ten amendments. It funds existing agencies and operations without altering their…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 10326: PROOF Act

    …bypass. Congress has explicit authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 to spend for the general welfare and to oversee funds it appropriates for Medicaid, SNAP, TANF, and coronavirus programs, plus Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 to…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14330: Democratizing Access to Alternative Assets for 401(k) Investors

    …Congressional authority for ERISA rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 commerce regulation and Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 necessary and proper execution. The order issues no new substantive mandate, appropriates no funds, and…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14348: Strengthening Efforts To Protect U.S. Nationals From Wrongful Detention Abroad

    …Reform Act, and passport authority under 22 U.S.C. 211a. Regulation of foreign commerce and foreign relations is a core federal enumerated function under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 3, 10, 11, and 18. No domestic power beyond grant is…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14384: Modifying Duties To Address Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation

    …following steps to stop Russian oil imports. It uses proper federal foreign-commerce power, eases burdens, infringes no rights, respects just process. Result is proper. This order lifts a prior 25 percent duty on goods of India tied to…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 35: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions".

    …and Article I, Section 8, Clauses 3 and 18 support regulation of interstate commerce and laws necessary and proper to check executive implementation. The Congressional Review Act, chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, is the statutory…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 11, 2026

    H.R. 1907: Defense Against Drones Act of 2025

    …powers by operating within federal authority over airspace and interstate commerce, while deferring to state firearm laws. It does not infringe the Bill of Rights, protects individual sovereignty by affirming property rights, passes all…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.Res. 1252: Resolution memorializing law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty.

    …No enumerated power is exceeded because the measure neither regulates commerce nor exercises any coercive federal authority. The resolution does not infringe any provision of the first ten amendments. It neither restricts speech, religion,…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14303: Restoring Gold Standard Science

    …of federal employees. No reliance on stretched Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 commerce power. It restores prior scientific integrity policies rather than asserting new legislative authority. Order directs federal agencies to use…