National Vehicle Emissions Uniformity Act of 2025

Section 1. Purpose. This Act establishes a single, nationally uniform greenhouse gas emission standard for new motor vehicles sold in the United States, effective for model year 2028 and thereafter. The standard shall be set by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, and shall be based on the best available science, cost-effectiveness, and feasibility. The standard shall be at least as stringent as the California standard in effect on January 1, 2025, to ensure continued environmental progress. Section 2. Preemption. Beginning with model year 2028, no State or political subdivision thereof may adopt or enforce any standard for the control of greenhouse gas emissions from new motor vehicles that is different from the national standard established under this Act. The EPA's waiver authority under section 209 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7543) is hereby repealed for greenhouse gas emissions, effective upon enactment. Section 3. Transition Assistance. To support States in adjusting to the single national standard, the EPA shall establish a $500 million grant program, funded by a 0.1% surcharge on the sale of new motor vehicles, to be distributed to States based on their share of the national vehicle market. Grants may be used for infrastructure, workforce training, or consumer incentives related to low-emission vehicles. Section 4. Oversight. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) shall review the national standard every three years and report to Congress on its effectiveness, economic impact, and consistency with the Clean Air Act. The EPA shall update the standard as necessary to reflect technological advances, but no more frequently than every five years. Section 5. Enforcement. The Attorney General may bring a civil action in federal district court against any State or entity that violates the preemption provision of this Act. Remedies may include injunctive relief and a civil penalty of up to $10,000 per day per violation. Section 6. Effective Date and Sunset. This Act shall take effect 180 days after enactment. The preemption provisions and the national standard shall sunset 15 years after enactment, unless Congress reauthorizes them by joint resolution.