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377 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14307: Unleashing American Drone Dominance

   …with states and localities, and export support. It rests on established Commerce Clause and executive authority, creates no rights restriction, surveillance program, or taking, and preserves state and local participation. SI review finds…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14309: Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal

   A delegated trade implementation within the federal foreign-commerce domain that lowers selected duties and sets quotas by published rule, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no upward consolidation; the sole tension is reliance on…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 14, 2026

   H.Res. 1340: Expressing strong opposition to the imposition of digital services taxes and other relevant similar measures by other countries that unfairly discriminate against United States companies.

   …individual rights. It falls within Congress's enumerated powers over foreign commerce and foreign affairs, and it does not infringe on any constitutional protections. The resolution appropriately supports the use of existing trade…

4. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 10096 · Aug 17, 2026

   Federal Impact Assessment of Affordable Housing Shortage Act of 2025

   …the executive branch, solely to study how the shortage affects interstate commerce, federal spending programs, and the fiscal stability of the United States. The Task Force shall be advisory only and shall have no power to regulate,…

5. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to S.J.Res. 206 · Aug 07, 2026

   National Vehicle Emissions Uniformity Act of 2025

   …The Clean Air Act's waiver provision (42 U.S.C. § 7543) is a valid exercise of Commerce Clause power, but the resulting patchwork of state standards may burden interstate commerce beyond what is necessary. The Tenth Amendment is implicated…

6. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-08908 · May 13, 2026

   Worker Retirement Savings Access Act of 2026

   …I, Section 8, Clause 1 (taxing and spending) Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (commerce to regulate retirement savings in national economy) Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 (necessary and proper laws) Tenth Amendment (reserves non-delegated…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 14, 2026

   H.R. 9331: STOP Payments Fraud Act of 2026

   …constitutional safeguards. The federal government's authority over banking and commerce derives from Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (the Commerce Clause) and the Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18). However, this…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 1777: SECURE Notarization Act of 2025

   …reservation of notary regulation to the states, though the interstate commerce nexus provides a plausible constitutional basis. The recording requirements, while not a search in the traditional sense, implicate privacy and Fourth Amendment…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 1864: Risky Research Review Act

   …enumerated powers to fund and regulate research under the Spending Clause and Commerce Clause, the bill's creation of an independent board with broad authority to review and approve research, including pre-enactment awards, and its…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 818: SPUR Act

    …reporting requirement that falls within Congress's enumerated spending and commerce powers. It does not infringe on individual rights, and while it adds a federal reporting obligation, it does not significantly consolidate decision-making…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 1534: IMPACT Act

    …program within the Department of Energy's enumerated power under the Commerce Clause to support innovation in industrial materials. The bill does not mandate private conduct, restrict any rights, or centralize authority beyond what is…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 845: Pet and Livestock Protection Act

    …delisting of the gray wolf falls within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause, the removal of court oversight undermines the separation of powers and individual rights to challenge government action. Congress has authority…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14353: Assuring the Security of the State of Qatar

    …to conduct diplomacy, and Congress has Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 foreign commerce and Clauses 11-14 war and military powers. The constitutional defect is that Section 1 declares it 'policy of the United States to guarantee the…

14. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 9318 · Jun 18, 2026

    Quantum Security Advisory Commission Act of 2025

    …welfare and common defense) Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (interstate commerce affecting national security) Article I, Section 8, Clause 12 (armies and national defense) Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 (necessary and proper to carry out…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 13, 2026

    S. 4668: Protect College Sports Act of 2026

    …The limited antitrust exemption is a federal action that may exceed Congress's Commerce Clause authority by regulating non-commercial aspects of college sports. The bill also imposes specific operational requirements on institutions, which…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 2860: Northwest Straits Marine Conservation Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2025

    …with no mandates, penalties, searches, or property limits, supported by commerce and coordination authority and delivered through local committees. Congress may fund research, technical support, and interstate coordination for navigable…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 5408: Faster Labor Contracts Act

    Congress has Commerce Clause authority over labor relations, but HR 5408 imposes binding private contract terms through federal mediation and arbitration, freezes employment terms, and compels bargaining after decertification. Those…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 89: Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".

    Congress used lawful Commerce Clause and review authority to nullify an EPA waiver, with no Bill of Rights, sovereignty, or due process harm. The sole constitutional tension is decentralization: it blocks a state-level pollution program in…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14358: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates Consistent With the Economic and Trade Arrangement Between the United States and the People's Republic of China

    …and Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 vests Congress with power to regulate commerce with foreign nations. The President invokes the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, National Emergencies Act, and 19 U.S.C. 2483 to impose, raise,…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 3617: Securing America’s Critical Minerals Supply Act

    …Congress may act here under its enumerated power over interstate and foreign commerce because the supply chains at issue cross state and national borders and affect the Nation's energy security. The bill regulates critical energy resource…