Search and Ask VFA

400+ results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 747: Stop Chinese Fentanyl Act of 2025

   …reservation of powers to the states. While Congress has authority over foreign commerce and national security, the broad delegation of sanctioning power and the lack of procedural safeguards for targeted entities create substantial…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14369: Ensuring American Space Superiority

   …takes no property without due process. Grade A. Federal space, defense, and commerce action is authorized. Article II, Section 2 makes the President Commander in Chief and vests executive power in directing agencies; Article II, Section 3…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14256: Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports

   Constitutional border and foreign-commerce action to close the de minimis channel exploited for synthetic opioid shipments, with advance notice and lawful collection procedures and no Bill of Rights infringement. Minor tension remains from…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 3633: Digital Asset Market Clarity Act

   Federal market-structure bill within Commerce Clause authority that sets CFTC and SEC jurisdiction, maturity-based exemptions, and intermediary safeguards without restricting speech, ownership, or due process. Minor recordkeeping tension…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14349: Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations

   …board expressly required by Railway Labor Act section 9A, executing Commerce Clause regulation of rail disputes. Temporary, neutral, report-only body with no rights restriction, no permanent centralization, and no deprivation or taking.…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 1944: 10 Percent Credit Card Interest Rate Cap Act

   …control on credit card interest rates, which is not a regulation of interstate commerce in the traditional sense but rather a direct mandate on private contracts. It also raises significant due process and individual sovereignty concerns…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

   H.R. 9171: Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2027

   …can be tied to the Property Clause (Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2) and the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), funding entities like the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 1941: Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act

   …intimate deepfakes, which is a legitimate exercise of federal power under the Commerce Clause, but it raises significant concerns regarding the scope of speech restrictions and the potential for overbreadth, as well as the federalization…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 3203: Journalist Protection Act

   …tensions. It falls within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause and the Necessary and Proper Clause, and it does not directly infringe any Bill of Rights protections. However, the creation of a special protected class for…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 1917: Great Lakes Mass Marking Program Act of 2025

    …constitutional. It operates within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause and Property Clause, does not infringe any Bill of Rights protections, respects individual sovereignty, passes all decentralization tests, and…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 3109: REFINER Act

    …is informational and falls within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause and the Necessary and Proper Clause. No constitutional rights are implicated, individual sovereignty is untouched, the action is appropriately federal…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 6504: Haiti Economic Lift Program Extension Act

    This bill is constitutional. Congress has express authority over foreign commerce and tariffs under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Clause 3. Extending duty-free treatment for Haitian apparel, restoring prior tariff preferences, and…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 3234: Keeping Deposits Local Act

    …amendment to existing federal deposit-insurance law, authorized by the Commerce and Necessary and Proper Clauses, that expands rather than restricts liberty and creates no rights, due process, or federalism violation. Congress has explicit…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 8646: Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agency Appropriations Act, 2027

    …programs, and foreign food grants falls within the spending power, the Commerce Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, and the Necessary and Proper Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18. No provision on its face restricts speech,…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    S. 1582: GENIUS Act

    …framework for fixed-value payment instruments rests on interstate and foreign commerce authority, preserves a state licensing path, imposes no direct ban on speech or ownership, and provides knowledge-based penalties with regulator…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14329: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation

    …to address a declared foreign threat. The action sits within federal foreign-commerce and executive power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, respects prospective notice, and operates at the only level that can conduct foreign policy.…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14346: Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements

    EO 14346 operates in the inherently federal field of foreign commerce where decentralization, Bill of Rights, and takings checks pass, and the underlying SI review finds publication and prospective application satisfy due process. It is…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 7148: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026

    …human services, and extended welfare and insurance programs, which stretch the Commerce Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 and the General Welfare Clause beyond a limited reading and intrude on powers reserved by the Tenth Amendment.…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.Res. 242: Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 24) providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers"; providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 75) providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers"; and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1048) to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to strengthen disclosure requirements relating to foreign gifts and contracts, to prohibit contracts between institutions of higher education and certain foreign entities and

    …the authority to determine the rules of its proceedings (Article I, Section 5, Clause 2), and this resolution is a textbook exercise of that authority. It does not infringe on any constitutional rights, does not expand federal power beyond…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.Res. 1057: Providing for consideration of the bill (S. 1383) to establish the Veterans Advisory Committee on Equal Access, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2189) to modernize Federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 261) to amend the National Marine Sanctuaries Act to prohibit requiring an authorization for the installation, continued presence, operation, maintenance, repair, or recovery of undersea fiber optic cables in a national marine sanctuary if such activities have previously been authorized by a Federal or State agency; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 3617) to amend the Department of Energy Organization Act to secure the supply of critical energy resources, including critical minerals and other materials, and for other purposes; and waiving a requirement of clause 6(a) of rule XIII with respect to conside

    …under Article I, Section 8 (e.g., to raise and support armies, to regulate commerce, and to provide for the general welfare). The resolution itself does not infringe on any enumerated rights. However, it facilitates consideration of H.R.…