Search and Ask VFA

345 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14271: Ensuring Commercial, Cost-Effective Solutions in Federal Contracts

   …41 U.S.C. 3307(d) and 10 U.S.C. 3453, enacted under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 for common defence and general welfare and Clause 18 necessary and proper authority for federal procurement. It directs only subordinate executive officers,…

2. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 10102 · Aug 17, 2026

   Data Center Community Investment Tax Credit Act of 2026

   …by the Secretary of the Treasury in coordination with the Department of Commerce. The credit is equal to 20% of qualified capital expenditures, capped at $50 million per project, and is available for projects that begin construction before…

3. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-11595 · Jun 10, 2026

   Customs Enforcement Enhancement Act of 2026

   …but Congress has the constitutional authority to regulate foreign commerce and provide for the common defense. Section 3. Increased Inspections. The Secretary of Homeland Security shall increase the number of physical inspections of cargo…

4. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14992 · Jul 29, 2026

   Reciprocal Dairy Trade Enforcement Act of 2026

   …duties on Canadian products to offset Canadian discrimination against U.S. commerce in dairy. A BILL to authorize the President to impose additional duties on Canadian goods in response to discriminatory dairy trade practices, and for…

5. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-12909 · Jun 30, 2026

   Post-Quantum Cryptography Transition and Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2026

   …The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), shall issue regulations requiring all federal agencies and owners/operators…

6. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to S. 5024 · Jul 18, 2026

   Economic Espionage Adversarial Entity Designation Act of 2025

   …8 limits: While the economic espionage statute is generally within Congress's commerce and foreign affairs powers, an arbitrary presumption without a factual nexus may exceed the Necessary and Proper Clause. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3…

7. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 10109 · Aug 20, 2026

   Federal Wildfire Contract Integrity and Transparency Act of 2025

   …and private entities that use no federal funds and do not affect interstate commerce. Section 2: Competitive Bidding Requirement. All covered contracts must be awarded through a competitive bidding process, except when the Secretary of…

8. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 9646 · Jul 16, 2026

   Cooperative Critical Minerals Quantum Mapping Act of 2026

   …mechanism is not tied to a specific enumerated power (e.g., general welfare, commerce). Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (General Welfare – spending for national mineral security) Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause – minerals in…

9. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 9162 · Jun 07, 2026

   Connected Vehicle National Security Review and Licensing Act

   …(a) The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Attorney General, shall establish a licensing program for any connected vehicle—defined as any motor vehicle with hardware or software that…

10. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 226 · Oct 08, 2026

    SI Cherokee Historic Sites Trust and River Protection Draft

    …Congress can act here because Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 grants power over commerce with Indian Tribes and Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 grants power over federal property, and those two provisions together control this trust…

11. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to cl-10880243 · Jun 29, 2026

    An alien 'arrives in the United States' when he or she presents at a U.S. port of entry and seeks admission, regardless of physical crossing.

    …text: Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 gives Congress power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, which includes the exclusive power to set the terms of admission. The Tenth Amendment reserves to the states powers not delegated, but…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 13, 2026

    H.R. 5334: Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026

    …While the federal government has broad authority over foreign commerce and sanctions under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 3 and 10, the bill's imposition of tariffs up to 100% ad valorem and sweeping prohibitions on energy exports and…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14269: Restoring America's Maritime Dominance

    …Section 301 trade remedies, and customs-fee enforcement sit within federal commerce and defense powers and presidential direction of the executive branch, with no Bill of Rights infringement, taking, or improper federal consolidation.…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 213: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule issued by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the "California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Commercial Harbor Craft Regulations; Notice of Decision".

    …in Congress. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 supports regulation of interstate commerce affected by harbor craft, and Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 supports laws necessary and proper for overseeing executive agencies. Review and…

15. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to S. 4392 · Jul 29, 2026

    Energy Security Partnership Act of 2025

    …executive agreements may circumvent Article II, Section 2, Clause 2. Commerce Clause regulation of international energy trade is proper, but mandates on states or private entities may violate Tenth Amendment or Fifth Amendment Due Process.…

16. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to S. 4238 · Jul 23, 2026

    Endless Mountains Heritage Partnership Act

    …I, Section 8, Clause 1 (Spending Clause) Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause – limited to interstate tourism effects) Tenth Amendment Fifth Amendment Due Process (ensuring voluntary participation)

17. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 9678 · Jul 16, 2026

    Airport Worker Safety and Efficiency Act of 2025

    …as a Tenth Amendment infringement on state and local authority over intrastate commerce. The bill's enforcement mechanism may violate the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause if it penalizes airports without clear notice or a fair hearing…

18. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.Res. 1340 · Jun 08, 2026

    Digital Services Tax Fairness and Retaliation Authorization Act

    …(e.g., tariffs) must be grounded in Congress's power to regulate foreign commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) and must not violate the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause by being arbitrary or discriminatory. Article I, Section 8,…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14374: Establishing a Second Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations

    …with no permanent regulatory, punitive, or confiscatory power. It rests on the Commerce Clause and Take Care Clause, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, preserves due process through notice and final-offer procedures, and does not…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    S. 254: ARTIST Act

    Constitutional federal protection of lawful interstate commerce in authentic Alaska Native handicrafts under the Commerce Clause, with no rights infringement and no centralization of power. Federal authority is explicit under Article I,…