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58 results for “tariffs”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14345: Implementing the United States-Japan Agreement

   …search and seizure, self-incrimination, jury trial, or cruel punishment. Tariffs are duties under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, not a search under the Fourth Amendment or a speech restriction under the First Amendment. No First Amendment…

2. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14334 · Jul 15, 2026

   Commercial Aircraft and Engine Supply Chain Security and Fair Trade Act

   …President may, by proclamation, adjust imports of the covered articles through tariffs, quotas, or other measures, but only for a period not to exceed four years. (b) Any adjustment shall be subject to congressional approval by joint…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14380: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Cuba

   SI review finds EO 14380 is a foreign-affairs and foreign-commerce emergency measure within presidential and delegated authority, with no domestic rights infringement, sovereignty violation, or taking. Minor tension remains because tariff…

4. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-03832 · Oct 16, 2026

   SI Corrected Executive Form for Ending Emergency Duties Under Executive Order 14389

   …supply chain in the People's Republic of China, Venezuelan oil, reciprocal tariffs, Brazil, the Russian Federation, Cuba, and Iran. The Constitution gives Congress power to lay duties under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and to regulate…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 13, 2026

   H.R. 5334: Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026

   …under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 3 and 10, the bill's imposition of tariffs up to 100% ad valorem and sweeping prohibitions on energy exports and investments may exceed the scope of Congress's enumerated powers by effectively regulating…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

   H.R. 6504: Haiti Economic Lift Program Extension Act

   …is constitutional. Congress has express authority over foreign commerce and tariffs under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Clause 3. Extending duty-free treatment for Haitian apparel, restoring prior tariff preferences, and directing…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14309: Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal

   A delegated trade implementation within the federal foreign-commerce domain that lowers selected duties and sets quotas by published rule, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no upward consolidation; the sole tension is reliance on…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14357: Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China

   Executive Order 14357 reduces an existing tariff burden from 20% to 10% in response to PRC commitments on fentanyl precursors. It operates within the federal foreign-commerce domain, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands…

9. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14991 · Aug 02, 2026

   Reciprocal Trade Enforcement Act of 2026

   …executive action because it restores Congress's constitutional role in setting tariffs, ensures due process through investigation and public hearing, includes oversight and sunset to prevent indefinite trade wars, and provides a clear…

10. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14992 · Jul 29, 2026

    Reciprocal Dairy Trade Enforcement Act of 2026

    …WTO dispute resolution step, appealing to free-trade proponents on both sides. Tariffs are a form of taxation and regulation of foreign commerce, which Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Clause 3 vest in Congress, not the President. The…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 14, 2026

    Executive Order 14388: Continuing the Suspension of Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries

    …the order is likely unconstitutional. The President's authority to impose tariffs and duties is not an enumerated power in Article II. The Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations (Article I, Section…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

    H.R. 1840: Closing the De Minimis Loophole Act

    …commerce. The termination of de minimis treatment and the imposition of tariffs, fees, and taxes on imports fall squarely within this enumerated power. The bill also implicates the federal power to lay and collect taxes (Article I, Section…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    S.J.Res. 37: A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada.

    SJRES 37 is constitutional. It uses Congress's Article I foreign-commerce and duties powers to end an executive emergency tariff regime on Canada, reducing burdens on liberty, property, and due process rather than creating new ones.…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14269: Restoring America's Maritime Dominance

    …capacity, and Clause 1 for common defence and general welfare. Section 5 tariffs rely on existing Section 301 delegation and Section 6 uses proposal of legislation, respecting Article I, Section 7 legislative process. Minor delegation…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14325: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border

    …a congressional tariff authorization and individualized penalty review. Tariffs and duties are taxes and regulation of foreign commerce. Under Article I, Section 1 and Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3, that power belongs to Congress.…

16. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-13588 · Jul 03, 2026

    Emergency Fertilizer Supply Act of 2026

    …from institutional integrity: Congress retains its constitutional power over tariffs, and the executive gains a clear, time-limited delegation that avoids unilateral overreach. The President lacks unilateral authority to modify tariff…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14256: Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports

    Constitutional border and foreign-commerce action to close the de minimis channel exploited for synthetic opioid shipments, with advance notice and lawful collection procedures and no Bill of Rights infringement. Minor tension remains from…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14382: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Iran

    Secondary tariffs to pressure Iran rest on Presidential foreign-emergency power plus congressional delegation, operate at the proper federal level for foreign commerce and national security, and impose no direct Bill of Rights violation or…

19. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14990 · Jul 28, 2026

    Revised Proclamation on Adjusting Aluminum Imports Under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

    Further restrict aluminum imports to protect domestic industry and national security, building on prior Section 232 actions. By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including…

20. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14997 · Jul 28, 2026

    Motor Vehicle Trade Reciprocity Act of 2026

    …gain a clear statutory delegation that respects congressional authority over tariffs and commerce, with a sunset to prevent permanent trade barriers. Both parties benefit from institutional integrity: Congress reclaims its constitutional…