U.S. Constitution · Amendment XI · ratified 1795-02-07
Suits Against States
Alerts when a new grade, SI Solution or Think Tank idea cites Amend. XI.
Live in the VFA record
Cited in 1 VFA SI Solution this month.
2 public items cite this provision · 1 in October 2026 (last month: 0)
Citations per week, last 12 weeks
The text
The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.
National Archives transcription (public domain; original spelling and capitalization). archives.gov
SI explainer
An explainer for this provision is in the queue. It appears here once it passes the SI Editorial Standard’s automated checks. The text, founding-era sources and live citations below are complete.
Leading Supreme Court cases
- Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793) · superseded by the Eleventh Amendment
- Hollingsworth v. Virginia, 3 U.S. 378 (1798)
- Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1 (1890)
- Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908)
- Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445 (1976)
- Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44 (1996)
- Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. 706 (1999)
- Tennessee v. Lane, 541 U.S. 509 (2004)
- Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt, 587 U.S. 230 (2019)
Cited in the VFA record
“Where this provision is cited”
Roll-call votes are listed when the measure voted on has a current Constitution Index grade citing this provision. Counts include only published items.
Cite this page
Values for America Constitution Explorer, https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution (text: National Archives transcription, public domain), Amendment XI, https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution/amendment-11
Data: this provision as JSON.