Roberto Clemente Commemorative Coin Act

Enumerated powers · passes

Article I, Section 8, Clause 5 grants Congress the power to coin money and regulate the value thereof. Minting commemorative coins is a direct exercise of this enumerated power. The bill directs the Treasury to mint and issue coins, which falls squarely within this authority.

Bill of Rights · passes

The bill does not implicate any provision of the Bill of Rights. It does not restrict speech, religion, assembly, press, petition, arms, quartering, search and seizure, self-incrimination, due process, takings, trial rights, or cruel and unusual punishment. It is a purely ministerial action regarding coinage.

Individual liberty · passes

The bill imposes no restriction on individual action. Purchasing the commemorative coin is entirely voluntary. The surcharge is a condition of a voluntary purchase, not a compelled payment or restriction on property, labor, speech, or belief.

Decentralization · passes

The bill passes all four questions. (1) Individuals can choose whether to purchase the coin, so they can handle the transaction without government involvement. (2) A local community could theoretically mint its own commemorative items, but the Constitution specifically grants coinage to the federal government, so federal involvement is constitutionally mandated. (3) States cannot coin money under Article I, Section 10, so the federal government is the only level authorized to act. (4) The action does not consolidate decision-making upward beyond the constitutional minimum; it is a federal function by design.

Due process and takings · passes

The bill does not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process. The surcharge is not a taking; it is a voluntary payment made in exchange for a coin. There is no arbitrary government action, and no hearing or notice is required because no one is compelled to participate.