Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with Iran.

Enumerated powers · passes

Congress holds explicit authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 to declare war and grant letters of marque, and Clause 14 to govern Armed Forces. Directing removal absent a declaration or authorization for use of military force enforces that grant and Section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution. This corrects executive overreach rather than creating new federal power.

Bill of Rights · passes

Resolution restricts no speech, religion, press, assembly, arms, search, trial or other protected right. It expands liberty by preventing undeclared hostilities and protects First Amendment petition and Ninth Amendment retained rights to live free from undeclared conflict, consistent with Article I war authority.

Individual liberty · passes

Resolution imposes no restriction on person, property, speech, labor, or belief. It removes the burden of undeclared hostilities from service members and the public, placing the burden on the government to obtain constitutional authorization under Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 before committing lives and resources.

Decentralization · passes

National defense against a foreign state cannot be handled by individuals, counties, or single states, so higher-level action is necessary. This measure does not consolidate upward; it de-consolidates by pulling war-making back from the President to Congress as required by Article I, Section 8, Clauses 11-14 and the Tenth Amendment, preserving the minimum necessary level which is the federal legislature.

Due process and takings · passes

No person is deprived of life, liberty, or property and no property is taken. Procedural due process under Fifth Amendment is honored because use of force requires prior congressional deliberation and authorization. Substantive action is non-arbitrary and preserves the 60-day War Powers notice rule for imminent defense.