A bill to designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 12109 New Kent Highway in New Kent, Virginia, as the "Patricia Paige Post Office".

Enumerated powers · passes

Congress has explicit authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 7 to establish post offices and post roads. Naming a specific postal facility is a routine exercise of that authority and does not exceed it.

Bill of Rights · passes

The bill does not affect speech, religion, assembly, press, petition, arms, quartering, search and seizure, self-incrimination, due process, takings, trial rights, or cruel and unusual punishment. No amendment in the Bill of Rights is implicated.

Individual liberty · passes

The bill imposes no restrictions on personal conduct, property, speech, labor, or belief. It merely designates a name for a government building, leaving all individual liberties untouched.

Decentralization · passes

The action is a federal naming decision for a federal facility, which is inherently a federal function. It does not consolidate decision-making upward beyond the necessary level, as the facility is already under federal jurisdiction. The four-question test is satisfied because the action is purely administrative and does not shift authority from individuals, localities, or states.

Due process and takings · passes

The bill does not deprive anyone of life, liberty, or property, nor does it take private property. It involves no adjudicative process, no presumption of innocence issue, and no arbitrary government action affecting rights.