An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034.

Enumerated powers · passes

Congress has explicit authority over federal finance: Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 authorizes laying and collecting taxes and providing for the common defence and general welfare; Article I, Section 8, Clause 2 authorizes borrowing on the credit of the United States; Article I, Section 9, Clause 7 requires appropriations made by law and regular statements of receipts and expenditures. The Sixteenth Amendment confirms the revenue power. A concurrent budget resolution with reconciliation instructions is a lawful exercise of those powers and the Article I, Section 5 power of each House to determine its rules.

Bill of Rights · passes

This concurrent resolution creates no criminal prohibition, speech restriction, search, seizure, taking, or trial procedure. It sets revenue, spending, deficit, and debt levels and reconciliation instructions. No provision of the First through Tenth Amendments is implicated, including no First Amendment speech or press burden and no Second or Fourth Amendment intrusion.

Individual liberty · passes

The resolution restricts no person in body, property, speech, labor, or belief. It directs committees to report deficit-related legislation by a date and adjusts internal budget enforcement. Any future law affecting individual liberty or property must be graded on its own terms; this framework document imposes no direct individual mandate or prohibition needing compelling justification.

Decentralization · passes

Federal budgeting for federal revenues, federal outlays, public debt, Social Security administration, and Postal Service administration cannot be performed by individuals, counties, or states. The minimum necessary level is the federal level under Article I, Section 8 and Article I, Section 9, Clause 7. The resolution does not transfer state or local decisions upward and does not violate the Tenth Amendment.

Due process and takings · passes

A budget resolution sets aggregate fiscal targets and enforcement procedures. It conducts no adjudication, imposes no punishment, presumes no guilt, and takes no specific private property. Future tax or spending laws enacted through reconciliation remain subject to Fifth Amendment due process and just-compensation requirements, including Article III judicial review.