H.Res. 1456 explained  ·  119th Congress  ·  Pending in Congress

Directing the initiation of litigation for actions by the President or other executive branch officials inconsistent with their duties under the Constitution of the United States.

Create a free account or sign in to follow H.Res. 1456 and get alerts. Policy area: Government Operations and Politics Create a free account or sign in to follow the Government Operations and Politics policy area and get alerts. ▲ 88 days since action Sponsor: Gregory W. Meeks, NY-05, D → Congress.gov

Cosponsors: 9 (8 D, 1 R) · per Congress.gov, 2026-10-15

Introduced: 2026-07-23

Latest action (2026-07-23): Referred to the Committee on Rules, and in addition to the Committee on House Administration, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.

What H.Res. 1456 does, in plain terms

The Congressional Research Service has not published a summary of H.Res. 1456 yet. Its official title: “Directing the initiation of litigation for actions by the President or other executive branch officials inconsistent with their duties under the Constitution of the United States.”.

Constitution Index

“VFA Constitution grade”

Not graded yet

H.Res. 1456 has not been graded yet. New measures with an official summary are graded daily under the published rubric.

The Framers

“Founders’ Verdict”

UNCONSTITUTIONAL

Confidence 0.75

Archived SI output (machine-generated)

No editorial review recorded. This historical SI verdict was machine-generated by software and predates the review desk; check it against the official bill text.

Synthesis

The resolution is unconstitutional because it violates the separation of powers by directing the initiation of litigation against the President or executive officers, which intrudes upon the executive's independent discretion to execute the laws (Article II, Section 3) and does not constitute a genuine case or controversy under Article III. The House's proper remedies for executive misconduct are impeachment or oversight, not a general mandate to sue.

Hamilton NO

This resolution would direct the initiation of litigation against the President or other executive officers for any action deemed inconsistent with constitutional duties. Such a blanket directive violates the separation of powers by permitting the legislative branch to command the judicial process against the executive at its discretion, thereby undermining the President's independent constitutional duty to 'take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed' (Article II, Section 3). The Constitution vests the judicial power in the courts and limits federal jurisdiction to actual 'Cases' and 'Cont…

Article II, Section 3 Article III, Section 2 Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 Federalist No. 70
Jefferson CONDITIONAL

This resolution, directing the initiation of litigation against the President or executive officials for constitutional violations, is permissible only if it strictly adheres to the separation of powers and does not encroach upon the executive's independent judgment or the judiciary's exclusive role in adjudicating cases or controversies. The House may properly investigate and express its views, but directing litigation risks violating the principle that each branch must interpret the Constitution for itself in its own sphere, as I argued in the Kentucky Resolutions. The resolution must not co…

Amendment I Amendment X Article III, Section 2 Article II, Section 3
Madison CONDITIONAL

This resolution directs the initiation of litigation against the President or executive officials for alleged constitutional violations. Under Article I, Section 8, Congress has enumerated powers, but the Constitution does not grant Congress a general authority to direct the initiation of litigation in the courts. The separation of powers, as outlined in Federalist No. 47, requires that each branch remain independent in its core functions. However, Congress may have a role in cases of impeachment (Article I, Section 2, Clause 5) or when exercising its oversight powers to ensure the executive's…

Article I, Section 8 Article II, Section 3 Federalist No. 47
Marshall NO

This resolution purports to direct the initiation of litigation against the President or other executive officers. The Constitution vests the executive power in the President, who is charged with the duty to 'take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed' (Article II, Section 3). The decision to commence litigation on behalf of the United States is an executive function, committed to the discretion of the President and his officers. The House of Representatives, as a legislative body, possesses no authority to command the executive branch to institute legal proceedings. Such a directive would…

Article II, Section 3 Marbury v. Madison (1803)
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