Small Entity Regulatory Accountability and Transparency Act of 2025

This Act amends chapter 6 of title 5, United States Code, to require each federal agency, before issuing any proposed or final rule that may have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, to prepare and publish a Small Entity Impact Analysis (SEIA). The SEIA shall include: (1) a description of the rule's objectives and legal basis; (2) an estimate of the number and types of small entities affected; (3) a quantification of the projected compliance costs, including any disproportionate burden on small entities relative to larger entities; (4) a discussion of significant alternatives that would accomplish the stated objectives while minimizing adverse impacts on small entities, including exemption, simplified reporting, or delayed compliance dates; and (5) a certification by the agency's Chief Regulatory Officer that the analysis is complete and accurate. Agencies shall submit each SEIA to the Small Business Administration's Office of Advocacy for review and comment. The Office of Advocacy shall publish its comments within 30 days of receipt. Any small entity that may be adversely affected by a final rule may petition the agency for a reconsideration of the rule based on an inadequate SEIA. The agency shall respond in writing within 60 days, and the petitioner may seek judicial review in the appropriate United States district court. The court shall set aside the rule if it finds the SEIA is arbitrary, capricious, or fails to comply with this Act. This Act applies only to rules issued by executive agencies as defined in 5 U.S.C. § 105. It does not apply to rules of particular applicability, rules relating to agency management or personnel, or rules that are exempt from notice and comment under 5 U.S.C. § 553(b). The Act shall be funded from existing agency appropriations; no additional funds are authorized. The Act shall sunset five years after enactment, unless reauthorized by Congress. The Comptroller General shall submit a report to Congress three years after enactment evaluating the Act's effectiveness and costs.