The federal election-day statutes do not require ballot receipt by election day; Mississippi's law is not preempted.

1) The question is whether 3 U.S.C. §1 and 2 U.S.C. §§1, 7 preempt Mississippi's law allowing absentee ballots postmarked by election day to be counted if received within five business days. 2) The relevant constitutional text is Article I, Section 4, Clause 1: 'The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.' Also Article II, Section 1, Clause 4: 'The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.' The Tenth Amendment reserves to the states powers not delegated to the United States. 3) At ratification, an 'election' was understood as the act of choosing a candidate, not the administrative process of receiving and counting ballots. Federalist No. 59 explains that Congress's power over the 'times' of elections is limited to setting a uniform day for the choice, not dictating every procedural detail. The first federal election law (1792) set the day for choosing electors but left states free to manage the mechanics. 4) Holding: The word 'election' in the federal statutes refers to the voters' act of casting ballots, not the subsequent receipt or counting. Therefore, Mississippi's law does not conflict with federal law. The statutes set the day for voting, not a receipt deadline. 5) Downstream: States retain authority under the Tenth Amendment to set ballot-receipt deadlines, subject only to explicit federal preemption. This holding does not affect Congress's power to regulate under the Elections Clause, but any such regulation must be clear and textual.