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38 results for “tariffs”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14346: Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements

   …604 of the Trade Act - to impose, modify, suspend, and reduce reciprocal tariffs by emergency finding. While Congress may delegate bounded tariff authority, declaring large persistent trade deficits an 'unusual and extraordinary threat' to…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14358: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates Consistent With the Economic and Trade Arrangement Between the United States and the People's Republic of China

   This order suspends higher tariffs and therefore does not itself violate the Bill of Rights, sovereignty, decentralization, or due process. It remains constitutionally troubled because it perpetuates a presidential tariff regime grounded…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14259: Amendment to Reciprocal Tariffs and Updated Duties as Applied to Low-Value Imports From the People's Republic of China

   Foreign tariffs are within federal enumerated commerce and duty powers and raise no Bill of Rights, decentralization, or due process violation, but EO 14259 unilaterally rewrites tariff rates by emergency order, stretching Article I,…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14334: Further Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Ongoing Discussions With the People's Republic of China

   EO 14334 continues a temporary suspension of country-specific tariffs during negotiations, a function that is properly national and procedurally noticed, with no direct Bill of Rights or takings violation. The constitutional defect is…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14257: Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff To Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits

   …II or validly delegated. This Order imposes broad, indefinite reciprocal tariffs by declaring persistent trade deficits an unusual and extraordinary threat under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and National Emergencies Act.…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14326: Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates

   …trial, or take private property for public use requiring just compensation. Tariffs are duties under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, not takings, so this check passes with only minor tension over broad executive waiver and modification…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14245: Imposing Tariffs on Countries Importing Venezuelan Oil

   Secondary 25 percent tariffs serve a legitimate foreign-policy purpose but are imposed by executive discretion under a stretched emergency delegation, exercising Congress's Article I tax and commerce powers with vague standards and broad…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14361: Modifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil

   …or decentralization violation is found. The remaining defect is structural: tariffs are a congressional power under Article I, Section 8, and continued presidential management through emergency delegation retains significant…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14298: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Discussions With the People's Republic of China

   This executive tariff order reduces rates but continues an executive-imposed reciprocal tariff regime. Congress holds the tariff and foreign-commerce powers, and persistent deficits do not establish an emergency permitting the President to…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14289: Addressing Certain Tariffs on Imported Articles

    …burden by preventing overlapping auto, border-emergency, steel, and aluminum tariffs from stacking on the same article. It creates no new duty, infringes no enumerated right, takes no property, and operates in the inherently federal field…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14266: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment

    Foreign trade is properly federal, with no direct Bill of Rights or due-process taking violation, but the President exercised Congress's exclusive Article I taxing and tariff power through emergency authority. That separation-of-powers…

12. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-15975 · Aug 06, 2026

    Corrected Proclamation: Facilitating Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Quartz Surface Products

    …temporary relief to the domestic quartz surface product industry by imposing tariffs or quotas to address serious injury caused by increased imports, and to facilitate adjustment to import competition. By the authority vested in me as…

13. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14334 · Jul 15, 2026

    Commercial Aircraft and Engine Supply Chain Security and Fair Trade Act

    …President may, by proclamation, adjust imports of the covered articles through tariffs, quotas, or other measures, but only for a period not to exceed four years. (b) Any adjustment shall be subject to congressional approval by joint…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14380: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Cuba

    SI review finds EO 14380 is a foreign-affairs and foreign-commerce emergency measure within presidential and delegated authority, with no domestic rights infringement, sovereignty violation, or taking. Minor tension remains because tariff…

15. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-03832 · Oct 16, 2026

    SI Corrected Executive Form for Ending Emergency Duties Under Executive Order 14389

    …supply chain in the People's Republic of China, Venezuelan oil, reciprocal tariffs, Brazil, the Russian Federation, Cuba, and Iran. The Constitution gives Congress power to lay duties under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and to regulate…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14309: Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal

    A delegated trade implementation within the federal foreign-commerce domain that lowers selected duties and sets quotas by published rule, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no upward consolidation; the sole tension is reliance on…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14357: Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China

    Executive Order 14357 reduces an existing tariff burden from 20% to 10% in response to PRC commitments on fentanyl precursors. It operates within the federal foreign-commerce domain, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands…

18. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14991 · Aug 02, 2026

    Reciprocal Trade Enforcement Act of 2026

    …executive action because it restores Congress's constitutional role in setting tariffs, ensures due process through investigation and public hearing, includes oversight and sunset to prevent indefinite trade wars, and provides a clear…

19. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-14992 · Jul 29, 2026

    Reciprocal Dairy Trade Enforcement Act of 2026

    …WTO dispute resolution step, appealing to free-trade proponents on both sides. Tariffs are a form of taxation and regulation of foreign commerce, which Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Clause 3 vest in Congress, not the President. The…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 14, 2026

    Executive Order 14388: Continuing the Suspension of Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries

    …the order is likely unconstitutional. The President's authority to impose tariffs and duties is not an enumerated power in Article II. The Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations (Article I, Section…