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100 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14335: Enabling Competition in the Commercial Space Industry

   …statutory authorities. Federal regulation of launch, reentry, airspace, space commerce, and treaty compliance rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Commerce Clause for interstate and foreign commerce, Article I, Section 8, Clause 18…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14286: Enforcing Commonsense Rules of the Road for America's Truck Drivers

   …safety qualification for interstate trucking, grounded in the Commerce Clause and the duty to execute the laws. It imposes no new speech ban, no search expansion, and no property taking, and federal minimum standards are the minimum level…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14271: Ensuring Commercial, Cost-Effective Solutions in Federal Contracts

   …41 U.S.C. 3307(d) and 10 U.S.C. 3453, enacted under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 for common defence and general welfare and Clause 18 necessary and proper authority for federal procurement. It directs only subordinate executive officers,…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14269: Restoring America's Maritime Dominance

   …Section 301 trade remedies, and customs-fee enforcement sit within federal commerce and defense powers and presidential direction of the executive branch, with no Bill of Rights infringement, taking, or improper federal consolidation.…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14374: Establishing a Second Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations

   …with no permanent regulatory, punitive, or confiscatory power. It rests on the Commerce Clause and Take Care Clause, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, preserves due process through notice and final-offer procedures, and does not…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14323: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Brazil

   …cost. No direct rights violation found by this SI review. Tariff and foreign-commerce authority belongs to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Clause 3, while the President holds executive and foreign-relations power under…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14260: Protecting American Energy From State Overreach

   …laws and enforcement through courts, grounded in supremacy and interstate commerce authority, with no rights infringement or taking. President acts under Article II, Section 1 vesting of executive power and Article II, Section 3 duty to…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14285: Unleashing America's Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources

   …for supply-chain security. It stays within Article II execution, Article I commerce and property powers, infringes no Bill of Rights protections, and federal action is the minimum necessary level for offshore and international seabed…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 2913: Ukraine Support Act

   HR 2913 operates within core federal foreign-affairs, defense, and foreign-commerce powers, imposes no domestic rights restriction or taking, and federal action is the only competent level. SI review finds it constitutional. Congress has…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14254: Combating Unfair Practices in the Live Entertainment Market

    …ticket-sales, and tax laws and improved price transparency, within Commerce Clause and Take Care Clause authority, without infringing Bill of Rights freedoms, restricting individual conduct, seizing property, or consolidating new federal…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14365: Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence

    …and direct executive officers, including the Attorney General and Secretary of Commerce. Challenging state laws in court invokes the Supremacy Clause in Article VI, Clause 2 and the Commerce Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 where…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 14, 2026

    Executive Order 14388: Continuing the Suspension of Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries

    …is a power reserved to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (the Commerce Clause) and Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (the Taxing and Spending Clause). The order also burdens individual importers and small businesses, and it…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 747: Stop Chinese Fentanyl Act of 2025

    …reservation of powers to the states. While Congress has authority over foreign commerce and national security, the broad delegation of sanctioning power and the lack of procedural safeguards for targeted entities create substantial…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14369: Ensuring American Space Superiority

    …takes no property without due process. Grade A. Federal space, defense, and commerce action is authorized. Article II, Section 2 makes the President Commander in Chief and vests executive power in directing agencies; Article II, Section 3…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14256: Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports

    Constitutional border and foreign-commerce action to close the de minimis channel exploited for synthetic opioid shipments, with advance notice and lawful collection procedures and no Bill of Rights infringement. Minor tension remains from…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14349: Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations

    …board expressly required by Railway Labor Act section 9A, executing Commerce Clause regulation of rail disputes. Temporary, neutral, report-only body with no rights restriction, no permanent centralization, and no deprivation or taking.…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14329: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation

    …to address a declared foreign threat. The action sits within federal foreign-commerce and executive power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, respects prospective notice, and operates at the only level that can conduct foreign policy.…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14346: Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements

    EO 14346 operates in the inherently federal field of foreign commerce where decentralization, Bill of Rights, and takings checks pass, and the underlying SI review finds publication and prospective application satisfy due process. It is…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14307: Unleashing American Drone Dominance

    …with states and localities, and export support. It rests on established Commerce Clause and executive authority, creates no rights restriction, surveillance program, or taking, and preserves state and local participation. SI review finds…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14309: Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal

    A delegated trade implementation within the federal foreign-commerce domain that lowers selected duties and sets quotas by published rule, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no upward consolidation; the sole tension is reliance on…