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12 results for “tariffs”
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14259: Amendment to Reciprocal Tariffs and Updated Duties as Applied to Low-Value Imports From the People's Republic of China
Foreign tariffs are within federal enumerated commerce and duty powers and raise no Bill of Rights, decentralization, or due process violation, but EO 14259 unilaterally rewrites tariff rates by emergency order, stretching Article I,…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14316: Extending the Modification of the Reciprocal Tariff Rates
…search and seizure, self-incrimination, jury trial, or cruel punishment. Tariffs burden import transactions but do not on their face censor expression under First Amendment or prohibit arms under Second Amendment, nor authorize searches…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14360: Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products
This order narrows prior tariffs on certain agricultural products, lowering costs and trade barriers. Trade duties belong at the federal level, no Bill of Rights freedom is infringed, and due process with refunds is preserved. A minor…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14298: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Discussions With the People's Republic of China
This executive tariff order reduces rates but continues an executive-imposed reciprocal tariff regime. Congress holds the tariff and foreign-commerce powers, and persistent deficits do not establish an emergency permitting the President to…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14289: Addressing Certain Tariffs on Imported Articles
…burden by preventing overlapping auto, border-emergency, steel, and aluminum tariffs from stacking on the same article. It creates no new duty, infringes no enumerated right, takes no property, and operates in the inherently federal field…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14266: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment
Foreign trade is properly federal, with no direct Bill of Rights or due-process taking violation, but the President exercised Congress's exclusive Article I taxing and tariff power through emergency authority. That separation-of-powers…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14309: Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal
A delegated trade implementation within the federal foreign-commerce domain that lowers selected duties and sets quotas by published rule, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no upward consolidation; the sole tension is reliance on…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14357: Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China
Executive Order 14357 reduces an existing tariff burden from 20% to 10% in response to PRC commitments on fentanyl precursors. It operates within the federal foreign-commerce domain, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
S.J.Res. 37: A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada.
SJRES 37 is constitutional. It uses Congress's Article I foreign-commerce and duties powers to end an executive emergency tariff regime on Canada, reducing burdens on liberty, property, and due process rather than creating new ones.…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14325: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border
…a congressional tariff authorization and individualized penalty review. Tariffs and duties are taxes and regulation of foreign commerce. Under Article I, Section 1 and Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3, that power belongs to Congress.…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
S.J.Res. 77: A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada.
SJRES 77 is constitutional. Congress uses its Article I foreign-commerce and duties powers to end an executive emergency tariff on Canada, removing a burden on peaceful exchange, restoring legislative process, and pushing power away from…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14272: Ensuring National Security and Economic Resilience Through Section 232 Actions on Processed Critical Minerals and Derivative Products
Section 232 investigation order stays within presidential execution of a valid foreign-commerce and national-security statute, imposes no rights restriction or property taking, and addresses a subject only the federal level can assess.…