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78 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14335: Enabling Competition in the Commercial Space Industry

   …statutory authorities. Federal regulation of launch, reentry, airspace, space commerce, and treaty compliance rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Commerce Clause for interstate and foreign commerce, Article I, Section 8, Clause 18…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 6938: Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026

   HR 6938 as summarized is a routine FY2026 appropriations package funding Commerce, Justice, Energy, Interior and related agencies. It rests squarely on the Article I appropriations and spending powers, creates no direct restriction on…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.J.Res. 75: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers".

   …8. Disapproving an agency rule that stretched Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Commerce Clause authority over intrastate appliance design restores enumerated limits rather than exceeding them. Nullifying a commercial appliance efficiency…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   S. 254: ARTIST Act

   Constitutional federal protection of lawful interstate commerce in authentic Alaska Native handicrafts under the Commerce Clause, with no rights infringement and no centralization of power. Federal authority is explicit under Article I,…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 1768: Lower Costs for Everyday Americans Act

   …into areas reserved to the states and individuals. The health care and commerce provisions largely fall within Congress's spending and interstate commerce powers, but the blanket ban on sodium nitrite products and the forced disclosure of…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 139: Sunshine Protection Act of 2025

   Permanent daylight saving time is a uniform commercial standard within Congress commerce power. It restricts no protected right, takes no property, denies no hearing, preserves exempt-area choice, and leaves personal liberty intact.…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14260: Protecting American Energy From State Overreach

   …laws and enforcement through courts, grounded in supremacy and interstate commerce authority, with no rights infringement or taking. President acts under Article II, Section 1 vesting of executive power and Article II, Section 3 duty to…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.J.Res. 210: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Ocean-Going Vessels At-Berth; Notice of Decision".

   HJRES 210 is a constitutional exercise of congressional oversight under the Commerce Clause and the legislative process. Using SI-reviewed legislative history, it disapproves an EPA authorization without infringing the Bill of Rights,…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade F (Direct violation) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 1442: To ban the sale of products with a high concentration of sodium nitrite to individuals, and for other purposes.

   This bill is a direct violation of the Commerce Clause as interpreted by the Tenth Amendment and the principle of individual sovereignty. It bans a legal substance based on potential misuse, not on any inherent defect or interstate…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 3633: Digital Asset Market Clarity Act

    Federal market-structure bill within Commerce Clause authority that sets CFTC and SEC jurisdiction, maturity-based exemptions, and intermediary safeguards without restricting speech, ownership, or due process. Minor recordkeeping tension…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14349: Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations

    …board expressly required by Railway Labor Act section 9A, executing Commerce Clause regulation of rail disputes. Temporary, neutral, report-only body with no rights restriction, no permanent centralization, and no deprivation or taking.…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

    H.R. 9171: Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2027

    …can be tied to the Property Clause (Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2) and the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), funding entities like the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

    H.R. 3203: Journalist Protection Act

    …tensions. It falls within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause and the Necessary and Proper Clause, and it does not directly infringe any Bill of Rights protections. However, the creation of a special protected class for…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.Res. 1499: Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1501) to amend the FAST Act to include certain mineral production activities as a covered project, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 9436) to amend the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 to extend the time period for which certain regulations concerning the North Atlantic right whale are effective; providing for consideration of the resolution (H. Res. 1490) providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4795) to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to prohibit an institution that participates in a nonexpressive commercial boycott of Israel from being eligible for certain funds under that Act, to require an institution that participates in certain programs under that Act to certify that students are not unreasonably obstructed from participating in academic programs in Israel, and for ot

    …debate on listed bills is expressly authorized by Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 and restricts no private rights, property, or process. Any First Amendment concern attaches to the underlying boycott bill, not to scheduling its…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 42: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment".

    …under Article I, Section 1 vesting legislative power, Article I, Section 8 Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause to check executive implementation, and Article I, Section 7 presentment process, using the Congressional Review Act at 5…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14307: Unleashing American Drone Dominance

    …with states and localities, and export support. It rests on established Commerce Clause and executive authority, creates no rights restriction, surveillance program, or taking, and preserves state and local participation. SI review finds…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14309: Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal

    A delegated trade implementation within the federal foreign-commerce domain that lowers selected duties and sets quotas by published rule, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no upward consolidation; the sole tension is reliance on…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14325: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border

    A border fentanyl emergency and foreign-commerce regulation are a legitimate federal concern, and the order does not directly violate the Bill of Rights. It is graded C because raising and restructuring tariff duties by executive order…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 5408: Faster Labor Contracts Act

    Congress has Commerce Clause authority over labor relations, but HR 5408 imposes binding private contract terms through federal mediation and arbitration, freezes employment terms, and compels bargaining after decertification. Those…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 89: Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".

    Congress used lawful Commerce Clause and review authority to nullify an EPA waiver, with no Bill of Rights, sovereignty, or due process harm. The sole constitutional tension is decentralization: it blocks a state-level pollution program in…