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10 results for “tariffs”
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14326: Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates
…trial, or take private property for public use requiring just compensation. Tariffs are duties under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, not takings, so this check passes with only minor tension over broad executive waiver and modification…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14360: Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products
This order narrows prior tariffs on certain agricultural products, lowering costs and trade barriers. Trade duties belong at the federal level, no Bill of Rights freedom is infringed, and due process with refunds is preserved. A minor…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14361: Modifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil
…or decentralization violation is found. The remaining defect is structural: tariffs are a congressional power under Article I, Section 8, and continued presidential management through emergency delegation retains significant…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14298: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Discussions With the People's Republic of China
This executive tariff order reduces rates but continues an executive-imposed reciprocal tariff regime. Congress holds the tariff and foreign-commerce powers, and persistent deficits do not establish an emergency permitting the President to…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14266: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment
Foreign trade is properly federal, with no direct Bill of Rights or due-process taking violation, but the President exercised Congress's exclusive Article I taxing and tariff power through emergency authority. That separation-of-powers…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14357: Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China
Executive Order 14357 reduces an existing tariff burden from 20% to 10% in response to PRC commitments on fentanyl precursors. It operates within the federal foreign-commerce domain, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14269: Restoring America's Maritime Dominance
…capacity, and Clause 1 for common defence and general welfare. Section 5 tariffs rely on existing Section 301 delegation and Section 6 uses proposal of legislation, respecting Article I, Section 7 legislative process. Minor delegation…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14325: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border
…a congressional tariff authorization and individualized penalty review. Tariffs and duties are taxes and regulation of foreign commerce. Under Article I, Section 1 and Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3, that power belongs to Congress.…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026
Executive Order 14256: Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports
Constitutional border and foreign-commerce action to close the de minimis channel exploited for synthetic opioid shipments, with advance notice and lawful collection procedures and no Bill of Rights infringement. Minor tension remains from…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
S.J.Res. 81: A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil.
SJRES 81 is constitutional. It uses explicit Article I foreign-commerce and duties powers to end an emergency-based 40% Brazil tariff, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic liberty, keeps foreign trade at the…