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346 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 09, 2026

   H.R. 6422: American Water Stewardship Act

   …over interstate water quality and spending is well-established under the Commerce and Spending Clauses. The bill does not directly infringe individual rights, though the funding restriction tied to foreign countries of concern raises mild…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14259: Amendment to Reciprocal Tariffs and Updated Duties as Applied to Low-Value Imports From the People's Republic of China

   Foreign tariffs are within federal enumerated commerce and duty powers and raise no Bill of Rights, decentralization, or due process violation, but EO 14259 unilaterally rewrites tariff rates by emergency order, stretching Article I,…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14298: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Discussions With the People's Republic of China

   …reciprocal tariff regime. Congress holds the tariff and foreign-commerce powers, and persistent deficits do not establish an emergency permitting the President to set general duties. That separation-of-powers overstep, combined with broad…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14380: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Cuba

   SI review finds EO 14380 is a foreign-affairs and foreign-commerce emergency measure within presidential and delegated authority, with no domestic rights infringement, sovereignty violation, or taking. Minor tension remains because tariff…

5. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 9394 · Oct 17, 2026

   Voluntary Agroterrorism Preparedness Exercise with Cost Cap and Sunset

   …could reach purely intrastate farm and food activity beyond interstate commerce unless tied to national security and interstate food systems. Private food and agriculture firms have liberty and property interests; coordination must remain…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14276: Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness

   …14276 constitutionally sound: it directs executive agencies within existing commerce and trade authorities to reduce regulatory burdens, improve fisheries science, and address unfair foreign practices, without infringing rights, seizing…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

   H.R. 9946: Equity in STI Testing Act

   …health coverage mandate that likely falls within Congress's spending and commerce powers, but it raises concerns about federal overreach into state-administered programs and individual choice. It does not directly infringe on rights, but…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 13, 2026

   H.R. 168: TORCH Act

   …falls squarely within this enumerated power. The bill also implicates the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) to the extent that wildfire risk reduction affects interstate commerce, but the primary authority is the Property…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

   H.R. 4776: SPEED Act

   …for major federal actions. Congress has clear enumerated authority under the Commerce Clause and the Property Clause to regulate the environmental effects of federal projects and to define the procedures for such reviews. The bill does not…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    S. 1003: Lulu’s Law

    …warnings on the existing wireless alert system. It exercises a clear commerce power, restricts no rights, takes no property, and adds no federal control over local responders. Regulation of interstate electronic communications is within…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 2978: GUARD Act

    …investment schemes is further supported by Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause). The bill does not create a new federal police power; it permits existing grant recipients to target fraud and directs FinCEN reporting, which is…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    S. 331: HALT Fentanyl Act

    …I placement and uniform penalties for fentanyl-related trafficking fall within commerce authority and preserve trial rights, with a strong protective justification for a lethal interstate drug. Mandatory minimums and class-wide scheduling…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14262: Strengthening the Reliability and Security of the United States Electric Grid

    …expedited emergency procedures, and reliability studies fall within commerce and executive authority, with no direct rights infringement. Retention and anti-retirement language for large plants creates only fixable tension on property, due…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14266: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment

    …with private contract and disposition of property. Regulation of duties and commerce with foreign nations is one of the few functions that cannot be handled at a lower level. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 expressly grants Congress power…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14352: Saving TikTok While Protecting National Security

    …exercising Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 regulation of foreign and interstate commerce and Clause 11 authority over national defense. The order stays within that grant by making the findings the statute requires on ownership below 20…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 9340: Ratepayer Protection Act

    The Ratepayer Protection Act is constitutional. It rests on the Commerce Clause, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, preserves state decision-making by requiring only consideration of a cost-causer-pays standard, and provides no…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 1770: Consumer Safety Technology Act

    …Technology Act is constitutional. It operates within Congress's enumerated commerce power, does not infringe any Bill of Rights protections, respects individual sovereignty by imposing no restrictions on persons or property, passes all…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026

    H.R. 6500: Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2027

    …within Congress's enumerated powers under Article I, Section 8, including the Commerce Clause (Clause 3) for agriculture and housing, and the power to raise and support armies (Clause 12) for defense production. No action here exceeds…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

    H.J.Res. 68: Providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to Israel of certain defense articles and services.

    …resolution is a valid exercise of Congress's enumerated power over foreign commerce and military sales, and it does not infringe on individual rights. The primary constitutional concern is the potential overreach into the President's…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 1642: Connecting Small Businesses with Career and Technical Education Graduates Act of 2025

    …This falls squarely within Congress's enumerated power to regulate interstate commerce and to support small business development. It does not infringe any right, restrict individual sovereignty, centralize power beyond necessity, or…