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182 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14364: Addressing Security Risks From Price Fixing and Anti-Competitive Behavior in the Food Supply Chain

   …authority over this subject under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 to regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations, and Clause 18 to make laws necessary and proper for that regulation. Federal antitrust investigation and…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   S.J.Res. 28: A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications".

   …CFPB supervisory rule over large digital payment apps. It rests on Article I commerce and oversight authority, enacted through proper bicameralism and presentment, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

   H.R. 9330: Earned Wage Access Consumer Protection Act

   …has minor constitutional tensions. It operates within Congress's enumerated commerce power, does not directly infringe the Bill of Rights, and preserves individual sovereignty by requiring a no-cost option. However, it preempts state…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 1118: Value Over Cost Act of 2026

   …necessary to execute federal powers. Authority rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 for providing for the common Defence and general Welfare through procurement spending, and Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, the Necessary and Proper…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   S.J.Res. 31: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act".

   Constitutional oversight that stays inside enumerated commerce and oversight powers, infringes no rights, expands individual and state latitude, and uses lawful process. Grade A. Congress acts within explicit authority. Article I, Section…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14241: Immediate Measures To Increase American Mineral Production

   …to Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1, 3, 11 through 14 covering common defence, commerce, and military supply. The order does not create new criminal law, tax, or private mandate and expressly acts consistent with applicable law and through…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 1939: U.S. Engagement in Sudanese Peace Act

   The bill operates within Congress's enumerated foreign affairs and commerce powers, including the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and to define and punish offenses against the law of nations. It does not infringe on…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 1503: Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act of 2025

   …international affairs. Congress has broad authority over foreign affairs and commerce with foreign nations. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and the President's foreign…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 3106: Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025

   …common Defence under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, to regulate interstate commerce affected by critical infrastructure under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, and to make laws necessary and proper for executing those powers under Article…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 9497: Water Resources Development Act of 2026

    …navigation, port, flood-control, and restoration work falls squarely within Commerce Clause and spending powers, with no rights restriction, sovereignty burden, or due process taking. Federal authority exists under Article I, Section 8,…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14293: Regulatory Relief To Promote Domestic Production of Critical Medicines

    …directive within existing statutory authority over interstate and foreign drug commerce. It removes barriers, speeds review, and centralizes permit coordination without infringing rights, restricting personal sovereignty, seizing property,…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14360: Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products

    …tariff authority, so grade is B rather than A. Regulation of foreign commerce and laying of duties is an enumerated federal power under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3. The President cites the International Emergency Economic Powers…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14370: Increasing Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research

    …21 U.S.C. 811. Federal drug scheduling rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Commerce Clause and Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause as implemented by the Controlled Substances Act. Order creates no new power; it orders expeditious…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14383: Establishing an America First Arms Transfer Strategy

    …belief. It directs the Secretary of War, Secretary of State, and Secretary of Commerce to prioritize platforms, streamline notifications, and engage industry. Defense firms remain free to petition and participate through the industry…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 1998: Sanction Sea Pirates Act of 2025

    …It operates within the federal government's enumerated foreign affairs and commerce powers, does not infringe any Bill of Rights protections, respects individual sovereignty by targeting only foreign persons engaged in piracy, passes all…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 1048: DETERRENT Act

    …constitutional concerns. While Congress has broad authority over interstate commerce and the spending power, the bill's expansive disclosure requirements and prohibitions on contracts with foreign entities of concern implicate First…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 9436: Northeast Lobsterman Protection Act of 2026

    A routine exercise of the commerce power over interstate fisheries that adds no new rights burden, taking, or centralization. The SI review finds it extends the status quo deadline for whale-protection gear rules from 2028 to 2035,…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 2140: Diesel Emissions Reduction Act of 2025

    …is imposed, so the measure stays within the spending power and does not exceed Commerce Clause limits under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3. No provision of the first ten Amendments is infringed. The bill creates voluntary grants, rebates,…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14301: Reforming Nuclear Reactor Testing at the Department of Energy

    …operations. Subject matter rests on Congress's Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 Necessary and Proper authority executed through Atomic Energy Act, 42 U.S.C. 2140, 42 U.S.C. 5842, and on Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 Property Clause for…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14312: Providing for the Revocation of Syria Sanctions

    …Syria. That expands liberty under the First Amendment (association and commerce-related speech), Fourth Amendment (freedom from seizure of property), Fifth Amendment (restoration of use of property), and Ninth and Tenth Amendments…