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400+ results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 09, 2026

   H.R. 2683: Remote Access Security Act

   …constitutional. It falls within Congress's enumerated powers over foreign commerce and foreign affairs. While it extends export controls to remote access, which could incidentally affect speech or property rights, the restrictions are…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14325: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border

   A border fentanyl emergency and foreign-commerce regulation are a legitimate federal concern, and the order does not directly violate the Bill of Rights. It is graded C because raising and restructuring tariff duties by executive order…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14353: Assuring the Security of the State of Qatar

   …to conduct diplomacy, and Congress has Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 foreign commerce and Clauses 11-14 war and military powers. The constitutional defect is that Section 1 declares it 'policy of the United States to guarantee the…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 973: Setting Consumer Standards for Lithium-Ion Batteries Act

   …regulation of lithium-ion batteries in micromobility devices, grounded in the Commerce Clause. It does not infringe on specific Bill of Rights protections, but it imposes mandatory standards on manufacturers and distributors, which raises…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 13, 2026

   S. 4668: Protect College Sports Act of 2026

   …The limited antitrust exemption is a federal action that may exceed Congress's Commerce Clause authority by regulating non-commercial aspects of college sports. The bill also imposes specific operational requirements on institutions, which…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 13, 2026

   H.R. 1122: China Technology Transfer Control Act of 2025

   …of U.S. law. While the federal government has clear authority over foreign commerce and national security, the bill's vague standards and mandatory sanctions may infringe on due process and individual liberties. The bill also centralizes…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.J.Res. 69: Providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale to Israel of certain defense articles and services.

   …resolution is a valid exercise of Congress's enumerated power over foreign commerce and its constitutional role in overseeing foreign military sales. It does not infringe on any constitutional rights, respects individual sovereignty, and…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 2860: Northwest Straits Marine Conservation Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2025

   …with no mandates, penalties, searches, or property limits, supported by commerce and coordination authority and delivered through local committees. Congress may fund research, technical support, and interstate coordination for navigable…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 5408: Faster Labor Contracts Act

   Congress has Commerce Clause authority over labor relations, but HR 5408 imposes binding private contract terms through federal mediation and arbitration, freezes employment terms, and compels bargaining after decertification. Those…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 89: Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".

    Congress used lawful Commerce Clause and review authority to nullify an EPA waiver, with no Bill of Rights, sovereignty, or due process harm. The sole constitutional tension is decentralization: it blocks a state-level pollution program in…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14358: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates Consistent With the Economic and Trade Arrangement Between the United States and the People's Republic of China

    …and Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 vests Congress with power to regulate commerce with foreign nations. The President invokes the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, National Emergencies Act, and 19 U.S.C. 2483 to impose, raise,…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 3617: Securing America’s Critical Minerals Supply Act

    …Congress may act here under its enumerated power over interstate and foreign commerce because the supply chains at issue cross state and national borders and affect the Nation's energy security. The bill regulates critical energy resource…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 5317: Community Bank Deposit Access Act of 2025

    A narrow deregulatory adjustment within Congress commerce and deposit-insurance authority. It reduces federal oversight for well-capitalized community banks, infringes no enumerated or unenumerated right, and imposes no taking or process…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 3276: Local Communities & Bird Habitat Stewardship Act of 2025

    …and is supported for migratory wildlife by Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, the Commerce Clause among the several States, and Article II, Section 2 treaty authority implemented under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act framework. The bill…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    S.J.Res. 88: A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs.

    …no rights infringement or due-process loss. Congress holds explicit tariff and commerce authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 to lay duties, and Clause 3 to regulate commerce with foreign nations. A joint resolution ending an…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

    Executive Order 14411: Strengthening Customs Enforcement

    …order operates within the federal government's enumerated power over foreign commerce and customs duties, and its measures are largely procedural and regulatory in nature. While it imposes new requirements on importers, these are within…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 2966: American Entrepreneurs First Act of 2025

    …lending, which falls within Congress's enumerated power to regulate interstate commerce and to provide for the general welfare through spending programs. However, the bill's eligibility restrictions raise significant equal protection and…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 4626: Home Appliance Protection and Affordability Act

    …fully constitutional. It operates within Congress's enumerated power under the Commerce Clause to regulate energy conservation standards for appliances sold in interstate commerce. The bill does not infringe any Bill of Rights protections,…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 6422: American Water Stewardship Act

    …over interstate water quality and spending is well-established under the Commerce and Spending Clauses. The bill does not directly infringe individual rights, though the funding restriction tied to foreign countries of concern raises mild…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14259: Amendment to Reciprocal Tariffs and Updated Duties as Applied to Low-Value Imports From the People's Republic of China

    Foreign tariffs are within federal enumerated commerce and duty powers and raise no Bill of Rights, decentralization, or due process violation, but EO 14259 unilaterally rewrites tariff rates by emergency order, stretching Article I,…