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139 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14261: Reinvigorating America's Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241

   …Federal lands, Federal mineral leasing, Federal agency guidance, and foreign commerce promotion, which by definition cannot be handled by an individual, county, or single state. Directing Interior and Agriculture to prioritize leasing…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

   Executive Order 14428: Providing Meaningful Water Quality Improvements Through Collaboration and Oversight of Federal Support

   …water quality, which falls within the scope of federal spending and interstate commerce powers under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause) and the Spending Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1). The order does not create new…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14257: Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff To Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits

   …tailored justification. The power to lay duties, imposts, and regulate Commerce with foreign Nations belongs to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3. The President may execute only authority constitutionally held under…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14322: Saving College Sports

   …power. Article I, Section 8 lists limited federal powers including the Commerce Clause in Clause 3, but operating collegiate athletic departments, scholarships, and athlete endorsements are predominantly local educational activity already…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14305: Restoring American Airspace Sovereignty

   …FAA Act. Congress holds Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 power over interstate commerce including aviation, Article I, Section 8, Clause 11-16 defense powers, and Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 plus Article IV border and naturalization…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

   Executive Order 14404: Imposing Sanctions on Those Responsible for Repression in Cuba and for Threats to United States National Security and Foreign Policy

   …and chief diplomat, as well as Congress's enumerated powers over foreign commerce and national defense (Article I, Section 8, Clauses 3 and 11). The order cites specific statutory delegations, including the International Emergency Economic…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026

   Executive Order 14427: Adjusting Certain Delegations Under the Defense Production Act

   …Defense Production Act, a statute grounded in Congress's enumerated war and commerce powers. It does not itself expand federal power or restrict individual rights, but it raises minor concerns about the creation of a new 'National Energy…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026

   S. 550: A bill to provide for the equitable settlement of certain Indian land disputes regarding land in Illinois, and for other purposes.

   …authority over Indian affairs under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (the Indian Commerce Clause), which grants Congress power 'to regulate Commerce with the Indian Tribes.' This bill directly addresses a tribal land claim and the…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14320: Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack

   …subject to applicable law and appropriations. It rests on federal foreign commerce and executive foreign-affairs powers, imposes no domestic mandate, search, speech restriction, taking, or denial of due process, and leaves domestic…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14331: Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans

    …Federal banking supervision rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 commerce authority and Clause 18 necessary and proper authority as applied to federally chartered and insured institutions. The order limits action to the greatest extent…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14357: Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China

    …PRC commitments on fentanyl precursors. It operates within the federal foreign-commerce domain, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic liberty, and satisfies due process through prospective published…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14366: Protecting American Investors From Foreign-Owned and Politically-Motivated Proxy Advisors

    …interstate securities and pensions under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Commerce Clause and Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause. Order creates no new regulatory power beyond statutes passed by Congress and requires Administrative…

13. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to S. 5254 · Aug 07, 2026

    Civil Nuclear Export Competitiveness and Safeguards Act of 2025

    …No constitutional concerns arise because the bill operates within the federal commerce power and the Export-Import Bank's statutory authority; it does not exceed enumerated powers or infringe on rights. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3…

14. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to 2026-15975 · Aug 06, 2026

    Corrected Proclamation: Facilitating Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Quartz Surface Products

    …affect the authority of the International Trade Commission, the Department of Commerce, or the Court of International Trade to review determinations under U.S. trade laws. This corrected proclamation follows the explicit statutory…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 8595: Making appropriations for national security, Department of State, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and for other purposes.

    …funds are drawn. Foreign-affairs spending is tied to federal powers over commerce with foreign nations under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, naturalization and offenses against the law of nations under Clauses 4 and 10, and support for the…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14326: Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates

    …collect duties and imposts, and Clause 3 vests Congress with power to regulate commerce with foreign nations. Article I, Section 1 vests all legislative powers in Congress. The President cites IEEPA, the National Emergencies Act, and 19…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14364: Addressing Security Risks From Price Fixing and Anti-Competitive Behavior in the Food Supply Chain

    …authority over this subject under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 to regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations, and Clause 18 to make laws necessary and proper for that regulation. Federal antitrust investigation and…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14241: Immediate Measures To Increase American Mineral Production

    …to Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1, 3, 11 through 14 covering common defence, commerce, and military supply. The order does not create new criminal law, tax, or private mandate and expressly acts consistent with applicable law and through…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026

    Executive Order 14430: Restoring American Saltwater Angling and Recreation

    …It operates within the federal government's enumerated powers over interstate commerce and federal waters, does not infringe on the Bill of Rights, and generally respects state-federal partnerships. However, the order's directive to…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

    H.R. 2827: To provide for the equitable settlement of certain Indian land disputes regarding land in Illinois, and for other purposes.

    …has broad constitutional authority over Indian affairs under the Indian Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) and the Treaty Clause (Article II, Section 2, Clause 2), as well as inherent plenary power recognized by the Supreme…