Search and Ask VFA

146 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 4090: Critical Mineral Dominance Act

   …and no upward power shift. Grounded in Article IV property power and foreign commerce study, this mineral plan earns top marks. Authority rests on Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2, giving Congress power to dispose of and make rules for…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14320: Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack

   …subject to applicable law and appropriations. It rests on federal foreign commerce and executive foreign-affairs powers, imposes no domestic mandate, search, speech restriction, taking, or denial of due process, and leaves domestic…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14331: Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans

   …Federal banking supervision rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 commerce authority and Clause 18 necessary and proper authority as applied to federally chartered and insured institutions. The order limits action to the greatest extent…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14357: Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China

   …PRC commitments on fentanyl precursors. It operates within the federal foreign-commerce domain, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic liberty, and satisfies due process through prospective published…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14366: Protecting American Investors From Foreign-Owned and Politically-Motivated Proxy Advisors

   …interstate securities and pensions under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Commerce Clause and Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause. Order creates no new regulatory power beyond statutes passed by Congress and requires Administrative…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026

   H.R. 506: Security First Act

   …power under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (taxing and spending) and the Commerce Clause. The bill does not directly restrict speech, religion, assembly, press, petition, arms, or quartering. It does not authorize searches or seizures…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 6260: Keeping Violent Offenders Off Our Streets Act of 2025

   …insurance fraud, which falls under Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3). However, the bill redefines 'business of insurance' to include charitable bail funds that post bail, which are not…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 5587: HEATS Act

   …activity as a major federal action. No reliance on an expansive reading of the Commerce Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 to regulate wholly state and private land activity. No provision of the first ten Amendments is infringed. The…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

   Executive Order 14390: Combating Cybercrime, Fraud, and Predatory Schemes Against American Citizens

   …federal government has explicit authority to regulate interstate and foreign commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), to define and punish offenses against the law of nations (Article I, Section 8, Clause 10), and to provide for the…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14364: Addressing Security Risks From Price Fixing and Anti-Competitive Behavior in the Food Supply Chain

    …authority over this subject under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 to regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations, and Clause 18 to make laws necessary and proper for that regulation. Federal antitrust investigation and…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    S.J.Res. 28: A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications".

    …CFPB supervisory rule over large digital payment apps. It rests on Article I commerce and oversight authority, enacted through proper bicameralism and presentment, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 1118: Value Over Cost Act of 2026

    …necessary to execute federal powers. Authority rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 for providing for the common Defence and general Welfare through procurement spending, and Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, the Necessary and Proper…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14241: Immediate Measures To Increase American Mineral Production

    …to Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1, 3, 11 through 14 covering common defence, commerce, and military supply. The order does not create new criminal law, tax, or private mandate and expressly acts consistent with applicable law and through…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 14, 2026

    Executive Order 14414: Advancing Regenerative Agriculture and Strengthening American Farm Resilience

    …statutory authorities, which are grounded in Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause) and the Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18). The actions—such as prioritizing pesticide registration, reviewing…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026

    Executive Order 14430: Restoring American Saltwater Angling and Recreation

    …It operates within the federal government's enumerated powers over interstate commerce and federal waters, does not infringe on the Bill of Rights, and generally respects state-federal partnerships. However, the order's directive to…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 3106: Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025

    …common Defence under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, to regulate interstate commerce affected by critical infrastructure under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, and to make laws necessary and proper for executing those powers under Article…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 9497: Water Resources Development Act of 2026

    …navigation, port, flood-control, and restoration work falls squarely within Commerce Clause and spending powers, with no rights restriction, sovereignty burden, or due process taking. Federal authority exists under Article I, Section 8,…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14293: Regulatory Relief To Promote Domestic Production of Critical Medicines

    …directive within existing statutory authority over interstate and foreign drug commerce. It removes barriers, speeds review, and centralizes permit coordination without infringing rights, restricting personal sovereignty, seizing property,…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14360: Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products

    …tariff authority, so grade is B rather than A. Regulation of foreign commerce and laying of duties is an enumerated federal power under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3. The President cites the International Emergency Economic Powers…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14370: Increasing Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research

    …21 U.S.C. 811. Federal drug scheduling rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Commerce Clause and Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause as implemented by the Controlled Substances Act. Order creates no new power; it orders expeditious…