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146 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 14, 2026

   S. 5200: Spotted Lanternfly Research and Development Act

   …enumerated power to provide for the general welfare and regulate interstate commerce. It authorizes agricultural research and extension programs, which fall squarely within federal authority. The bill does not infringe on any…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026

   H.R. 2715: Destruction of Hazardous Imports Act

   The bill is a federal exercise of the Commerce Clause power to regulate imports, which is well-established. It raises minor due process concerns because it allows destruction of property without a prior hearing, but it mandates regulations…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 21: Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act

   …tensions. It falls within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment's enforcement authority, does not directly infringe the Bill of Rights, and respects individual sovereignty by exempting the…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 7757: KIDS Act

   Federal commerce authority exists for interstate platforms, and due process structure is preserved, but the bill imposes broad speech and association limits, mandated identification systems, and federal design standards better handled by…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14255: Establishing the United States Investment Accelerator

   …14255 is a lawful Article II management directive that creates a facilitative Commerce Department office for large investments, works within existing law and appropriations, imposes no mandates, takes no property, infringes no Bill of…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14304: Leading the World in Supersonic Flight

   …review finds Executive Order 14304 constitutional: it acts within established commerce and executive authority to repeal an overland supersonic ban and replace it with data-driven noise certification, with no rights infringement, no…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14345: Implementing the United States-Japan Agreement

   Tariff-setting is a federal foreign-commerce function, with no direct Bill of Rights violation, but executive imposition of a broad 15 percent duty system under emergency powers bypasses Congress's exclusive Article I taxing power and…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14361: Modifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil

   …significant enumerated-powers tension. The power to lay duties and regulate commerce with foreign nations belongs to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Clause 3. This order rests on delegated statutes, principally the…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14367: Designating Fentanyl as a Weapon of Mass Destruction

   …law' and subject to appropriations, relying on Congress's powers over commerce, offenses against the law of nations, and provision for common defense. Scope of the WMD label is broad but remains within direction of the executive branch.…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14382: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Iran

    …plus congressional delegation, operate at the proper federal level for foreign commerce and national security, and impose no direct Bill of Rights violation or domestic taking. Broad fact-finding and modification discretion create minor…

11. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 10111 · Aug 21, 2026

    Immigration Oversight and Accountability Act of 2025

    …the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization and to regulate commerce with foreign nations. It shall not extend to state immigration enforcement activities that are not directly related to federal programs or funding. All…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 2853: Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2025

    …by states, but does so within Congress's enumerated power over interstate commerce. It does not infringe individual rights or due process, but the creation of a federal coordination center consolidates law enforcement upward beyond what is…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 1005: Combating the Lies of Authoritarians in School Systems Act

    …The bill also lacks a nexus to any enumerated power, such as foreign commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) or national defense (Article I, Section 8, Clauses 11-16), as it targets local school operations rather than direct foreign…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14261: Reinvigorating America's Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241

    …Federal lands, Federal mineral leasing, Federal agency guidance, and foreign commerce promotion, which by definition cannot be handled by an individual, county, or single state. Directing Interior and Agriculture to prioritize leasing…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.Res. 707: Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4922) to limit youth offender status in the District of Columbia to individuals 18 years of age or younger, to direct the Attorney General of the District of Columbia to establish and operate a publicly accessible website containing updated statistics on juvenile crime in the District of Columbia, to amend the District of Columbia Home Rule Act to prohibit the Council of the District of Columbia from enacting changes to existing criminal liability sentences, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5143) to establish standards for law enforcement officers in the District of Columbia to engage in vehicular pursuits of suspects, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5140) to lower the age at which a minor may be tried as an adult for certain criminal offenses in the District of Columbia to 14 years of age; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5125) to amend the

    …provisions (H.R. 1047, H.R. 3015, H.R. 3062) that may fall under the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), but the interconnection queue reform and border-crossing facility provisions may exceed the scope of federal authority…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 88: Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".

    HJRES 88 is constitutional. Congress used its enumerated commerce and oversight powers through lawful procedure to nullify an agency waiver, infringed no Bill of Rights protection, expanded individual choice by removing a mandate,…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14257: Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff To Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits

    …tailored justification. The power to lay duties, imposts, and regulate Commerce with foreign Nations belongs to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3. The President may execute only authority constitutionally held under…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14324: Suspending Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries

    …usurps Congress's Article I, Section 8 power over duties and foreign commerce without clear bounded authority, requiring congressional action. Power to lay and collect duties is vested in Congress by Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, and…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14305: Restoring American Airspace Sovereignty

    …FAA Act. Congress holds Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 power over interstate commerce including aviation, Article I, Section 8, Clause 11-16 defense powers, and Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 plus Article IV border and naturalization…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 8897: Improving Travel for American Families Act

    Constitutional pilot program within Congress commerce power that eases travel burdens without infringing rights, restricting liberty, centralizing new power, or bypassing due process. Congress has authority over interstate air…