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98 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 8278: Fostering the Use of Technology to Uphold Regulatory Effectiveness in Supervision Act

   …supervisory technology and report to Congress every five years. Grounded in Commerce and Necessary and Proper powers, it creates no new regulation, no rights restriction, no taking, and no centralization. Congress has explicit authority to…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.J.Res. 87: Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".

   Congress used its commerce and oversight powers through lawful procedure to block a single-state emissions mandate from functioning as a national rule, protecting liberty and uniform federal law with no rights infringement or taking.…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14245: Imposing Tariffs on Countries Importing Venezuelan Oil

   …a stretched emergency delegation, exercising Congress's Article I tax and commerce powers with vague standards and broad harm to private trade. Requires congressional authorization with clear limits. Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 11, 2026

   S. 3945: Tribal Police Department Parity Act

   …not expand federal power beyond existing enumerated authority over interstate commerce and taxation, nor does it infringe on individual rights. The bill enhances tribal sovereignty by treating tribal agencies as equal to other governmental…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 6955: Main Street Capital Access Act

   Deregulatory banking bill within Commerce and Necessary and Proper powers that reduces federal burdens, imposes no rights infringement, expands private and local decision-making, and takes no property without due process. Regulation of…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 21: Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act

   …tensions. It falls within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment's enforcement authority, does not directly infringe the Bill of Rights, and respects individual sovereignty by exempting the…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14304: Leading the World in Supersonic Flight

   …review finds Executive Order 14304 constitutional: it acts within established commerce and executive authority to repeal an overland supersonic ban and replace it with data-driven noise certification, with no rights infringement, no…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14345: Implementing the United States-Japan Agreement

   Tariff-setting is a federal foreign-commerce function, with no direct Bill of Rights violation, but executive imposition of a broad 15 percent duty system under emergency powers bypasses Congress's exclusive Article I taxing power and…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14361: Modifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil

   …significant enumerated-powers tension. The power to lay duties and regulate commerce with foreign nations belongs to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Clause 3. This order rests on delegated statutes, principally the…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14382: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Iran

    …plus congressional delegation, operate at the proper federal level for foreign commerce and national security, and impose no direct Bill of Rights violation or domestic taking. Broad fact-finding and modification discretion create minor…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 1005: Combating the Lies of Authoritarians in School Systems Act

    …The bill also lacks a nexus to any enumerated power, such as foreign commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) or national defense (Article I, Section 8, Clauses 11-16), as it targets local school operations rather than direct foreign…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14261: Reinvigorating America's Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241

    …Federal lands, Federal mineral leasing, Federal agency guidance, and foreign commerce promotion, which by definition cannot be handled by an individual, county, or single state. Directing Interior and Agriculture to prioritize leasing…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.J.Res. 88: Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision".

    HJRES 88 is constitutional. Congress used its enumerated commerce and oversight powers through lawful procedure to nullify an agency waiver, infringed no Bill of Rights protection, expanded individual choice by removing a mandate,…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14257: Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff To Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits

    …tailored justification. The power to lay duties, imposts, and regulate Commerce with foreign Nations belongs to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3. The President may execute only authority constitutionally held under…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14324: Suspending Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries

    …usurps Congress's Article I, Section 8 power over duties and foreign commerce without clear bounded authority, requiring congressional action. Power to lay and collect duties is vested in Congress by Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, and…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 8897: Improving Travel for American Families Act

    Constitutional pilot program within Congress commerce power that eases travel burdens without infringing rights, restricting liberty, centralizing new power, or bypassing due process. Congress has authority over interstate air…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14331: Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans

    …Federal banking supervision rests on Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 commerce authority and Clause 18 necessary and proper authority as applied to federally chartered and insured institutions. The order limits action to the greatest extent…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14357: Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China

    …PRC commitments on fentanyl precursors. It operates within the federal foreign-commerce domain, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic liberty, and satisfies due process through prospective published…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14366: Protecting American Investors From Foreign-Owned and Politically-Motivated Proxy Advisors

    …interstate securities and pensions under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Commerce Clause and Clause 18 Necessary and Proper Clause. Order creates no new regulatory power beyond statutes passed by Congress and requires Administrative…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 2243: LEOSA Reform Act

    …Constitution; it operates within Congress's enumerated powers over interstate commerce and federal property, and it does not directly infringe individual rights. The primary issues are the consolidation of decision-making at the federal…