Search and Ask VFA

98 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

   H.R. 9171: Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2027

   …can be tied to the Property Clause (Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2) and the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), funding entities like the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 3234: Keeping Deposits Local Act

   …amendment to existing federal deposit-insurance law, authorized by the Commerce and Necessary and Proper Clauses, that expands rather than restricts liberty and creates no rights, due process, or federalism violation. Congress has explicit…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 8646: Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agency Appropriations Act, 2027

   …programs, and foreign food grants falls within the spending power, the Commerce Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, and the Necessary and Proper Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18. No provision on its face restricts speech,…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14329: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation

   …to address a declared foreign threat. The action sits within federal foreign-commerce and executive power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, respects prospective notice, and operates at the only level that can conduct foreign policy.…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14346: Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements

   EO 14346 operates in the inherently federal field of foreign commerce where decentralization, Bill of Rights, and takings checks pass, and the underlying SI review finds publication and prospective application satisfy due process. It is…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.Res. 1057: Providing for consideration of the bill (S. 1383) to establish the Veterans Advisory Committee on Equal Access, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2189) to modernize Federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 261) to amend the National Marine Sanctuaries Act to prohibit requiring an authorization for the installation, continued presence, operation, maintenance, repair, or recovery of undersea fiber optic cables in a national marine sanctuary if such activities have previously been authorized by a Federal or State agency; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 3617) to amend the Department of Energy Organization Act to secure the supply of critical energy resources, including critical minerals and other materials, and for other purposes; and waiving a requirement of clause 6(a) of rule XIII with respect to conside

   …under Article I, Section 8 (e.g., to raise and support armies, to regulate commerce, and to provide for the general welfare). The resolution itself does not infringe on any enumerated rights. However, it facilitates consideration of H.R.…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 14, 2026

   Executive Order 14387: Promoting the National Defense by Ensuring an Adequate Supply of Elemental Phosphorus and Glyphosate- Based Herbicides

   …8, Clauses 1, 11, and 14 to provide for the common defense and regulate commerce. However, the order's broad delegation of authority to the Secretary of Agriculture to allocate materials and prioritize contracts raises significant concerns…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14307: Unleashing American Drone Dominance

   …with states and localities, and export support. It rests on established Commerce Clause and executive authority, creates no rights restriction, surveillance program, or taking, and preserves state and local participation. SI review finds…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14309: Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal

   A delegated trade implementation within the federal foreign-commerce domain that lowers selected duties and sets quotas by published rule, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no upward consolidation; the sole tension is reliance on…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14325: Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border

    A border fentanyl emergency and foreign-commerce regulation are a legitimate federal concern, and the order does not directly violate the Bill of Rights. It is graded C because raising and restructuring tariff duties by executive order…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14353: Assuring the Security of the State of Qatar

    …to conduct diplomacy, and Congress has Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 foreign commerce and Clauses 11-14 war and military powers. The constitutional defect is that Section 1 declares it 'policy of the United States to guarantee the…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 5317: Community Bank Deposit Access Act of 2025

    A narrow deregulatory adjustment within Congress commerce and deposit-insurance authority. It reduces federal oversight for well-capitalized community banks, infringes no enumerated or unenumerated right, and imposes no taking or process…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14380: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Cuba

    SI review finds EO 14380 is a foreign-affairs and foreign-commerce emergency measure within presidential and delegated authority, with no domestic rights infringement, sovereignty violation, or taking. Minor tension remains because tariff…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14276: Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness

    …14276 constitutionally sound: it directs executive agencies within existing commerce and trade authorities to reduce regulatory burdens, improve fisheries science, and address unfair foreign practices, without infringing rights, seizing…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 13, 2026

    H.R. 7022: Mystic Alerts Act

    …operates within Congress's enumerated power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) and to establish post offices and post roads (Article I, Section 8, Clause 7), as emergency alerts are a matter of…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 2978: GUARD Act

    …investment schemes is further supported by Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause). The bill does not create a new federal police power; it permits existing grant recipients to target fraud and directs FinCEN reporting, which is…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    S. 331: HALT Fentanyl Act

    …I placement and uniform penalties for fentanyl-related trafficking fall within commerce authority and preserve trial rights, with a strong protective justification for a lethal interstate drug. Mandatory minimums and class-wide scheduling…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14262: Strengthening the Reliability and Security of the United States Electric Grid

    …expedited emergency procedures, and reliability studies fall within commerce and executive authority, with no direct rights infringement. Retention and anti-retirement language for large plants creates only fixable tension on property, due…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14266: Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment

    …with private contract and disposition of property. Regulation of duties and commerce with foreign nations is one of the few functions that cannot be handled at a lower level. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 expressly grants Congress power…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 9340: Ratepayer Protection Act

    The Ratepayer Protection Act is constitutional. It rests on the Commerce Clause, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, preserves state decision-making by requiring only consideration of a cost-causer-pays standard, and provides no…