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346 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 21: Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act

   …tensions. It falls within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment's enforcement authority, does not directly infringe the Bill of Rights, and respects individual sovereignty by exempting the…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

   H.R. 4553: Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026

   …funds for the general welfare. Funding the Army Corps of Engineers (commerce and navigation under Clause 3), the Bureau of Reclamation (property under Clause 17), and Department of Energy programs (defense under Clause 12, general welfare)…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 915: Small Business Technological Advancement Act

   …guarantee private loans for general business software and cloud services. The Commerce Clause, Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, permits regulation of interstate commerce, not federal financing of ordinary business inputs. The Spending…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 7757: KIDS Act

   Federal commerce authority exists for interstate platforms, and due process structure is preserved, but the bill imposes broad speech and association limits, mandated identification systems, and federal design standards better handled by…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 4795: Protect Economic and Academic Freedom Act of 2026

   …speech while pursuing funding neutrality. Congress relies on the Spending Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 to set terms for federal funds it appropriates for student aid and international education. Conditioning participation on…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14255: Establishing the United States Investment Accelerator

   …14255 is a lawful Article II management directive that creates a facilitative Commerce Department office for large investments, works within existing law and appropriations, imposes no mandates, takes no property, infringes no Bill of…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14304: Leading the World in Supersonic Flight

   …review finds Executive Order 14304 constitutional: it acts within established commerce and executive authority to repeal an overland supersonic ban and replace it with data-driven noise certification, with no rights infringement, no…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14345: Implementing the United States-Japan Agreement

   Tariff-setting is a federal foreign-commerce function, with no direct Bill of Rights violation, but executive imposition of a broad 15 percent duty system under emergency powers bypasses Congress's exclusive Article I taxing power and…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 08, 2026

   Executive Order 14361: Modifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil

   …significant enumerated-powers tension. The power to lay duties and regulate commerce with foreign nations belongs to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and Clause 3. This order rests on delegated statutes, principally the…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14367: Designating Fentanyl as a Weapon of Mass Destruction

    …law' and subject to appropriations, relying on Congress's powers over commerce, offenses against the law of nations, and provision for common defense. Scope of the WMD label is broad but remains within direction of the executive branch.…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14382: Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Iran

    …plus congressional delegation, operate at the proper federal level for foreign commerce and national security, and impose no direct Bill of Rights violation or domestic taking. Broad fact-finding and modification discretion create minor…

12. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to H.R. 10111 · Aug 21, 2026

    Immigration Oversight and Accountability Act of 2025

    …the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization and to regulate commerce with foreign nations. It shall not extend to state immigration enforcement activities that are not directly related to federal programs or funding. All…

13. VFA SI Solution · SI Solution responding to S.J.Res. 207 · Aug 07, 2026

    National Vehicle Emission Standards Harmonization Act

    …burden of multiple state standards on automobile manufacturers and interstate commerce. Congress finds that a single national standard for vehicle emission standards is essential to protect interstate commerce, reduce compliance costs, and…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 13, 2026

    Executive Order 14420: Delivering Gold Standard Childhood Vaccine Recommendations for Americans

    …The federal government's power over public health is limited to interstate commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), taxing and spending (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1), and federal enclaves. State vaccine mandates for school attendance…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 2853: Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2025

    …by states, but does so within Congress's enumerated power over interstate commerce. It does not infringe individual rights or due process, but the creation of a federal coordination center consolidates law enforcement upward beyond what is…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 09, 2026

    H.R. 1005: Combating the Lies of Authoritarians in School Systems Act

    …The bill also lacks a nexus to any enumerated power, such as foreign commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) or national defense (Article I, Section 8, Clauses 11-16), as it targets local school operations rather than direct foreign…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    Executive Order 14261: Reinvigorating America's Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241

    …Federal lands, Federal mineral leasing, Federal agency guidance, and foreign commerce promotion, which by definition cannot be handled by an individual, county, or single state. Directing Interior and Agriculture to prioritize leasing…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

    Executive Order 14428: Providing Meaningful Water Quality Improvements Through Collaboration and Oversight of Federal Support

    …water quality, which falls within the scope of federal spending and interstate commerce powers under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause) and the Spending Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1). The order does not create new…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 359: Cost-Share Accountability Act of 2025

    …has the enumerated power to legislate regarding energy policy under the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) and the Spending Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1). The bill merely requires reporting on the use of existing…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 23: Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act

    …power to define and punish offenses against the law of nations and to regulate commerce with foreign nations. It does not infringe on domestic constitutional rights, as it targets foreign persons and foreign conduct. The mandatory…