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28 results for “commerce clause”

1. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   S. 4974: Making America's Food Safer Act

   Constitutional exercise of foreign commerce power with built-in Fifth Amendment hearing, downward information sharing, and voluntary audits. No rights infringement or unlawful consolidation. Federal authority rests on Article I, Section 8,…

2. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.J.Res. 210: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Ocean-Going Vessels At-Berth; Notice of Decision".

   HJRES 210 is a constitutional exercise of congressional oversight under the Commerce Clause and the legislative process. Using SI-reviewed legislative history, it disapproves an EPA authorization without infringing the Bill of Rights,…

3. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 2913: Ukraine Support Act

   HR 2913 operates within core federal foreign-affairs, defense, and foreign-commerce powers, imposes no domestic rights restriction or taking, and federal action is the only competent level. SI review finds it constitutional. Congress has…

4. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 3633: Digital Asset Market Clarity Act

   Federal market-structure bill within Commerce Clause authority that sets CFTC and SEC jurisdiction, maturity-based exemptions, and intermediary safeguards without restricting speech, ownership, or due process. Minor recordkeeping tension…

5. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 14, 2026

   H.R. 9171: Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2027

   …can be tied to the Property Clause (Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2) and the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), funding entities like the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the…

6. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   S. 1582: GENIUS Act

   …framework for fixed-value payment instruments rests on interstate and foreign commerce authority, preserves a state licensing path, imposes no direct ban on speech or ownership, and provides knowledge-based penalties with regulator…

7. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 5408: Faster Labor Contracts Act

   Congress has Commerce Clause authority over labor relations, but HR 5408 imposes binding private contract terms through federal mediation and arbitration, freezes employment terms, and compels bargaining after decertification. Those…

8. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

   H.R. 3276: Local Communities & Bird Habitat Stewardship Act of 2025

   …and is supported for migratory wildlife by Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, the Commerce Clause among the several States, and Article II, Section 2 treaty authority implemented under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act framework. The bill…

9. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

   S. 331: HALT Fentanyl Act

   …I placement and uniform penalties for fentanyl-related trafficking fall within commerce authority and preserve trial rights, with a strong protective justification for a lethal interstate drug. Mandatory minimums and class-wide scheduling…

10. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 14, 2026

    H.R. 226: Eastern Band of Cherokee Historic Lands Reacquisition Act

    …authority over Indian affairs under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (the Indian Commerce Clause), which grants Congress the power 'to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.' Taking…

11. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 21: Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act

    …tensions. It falls within Congress's enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment's enforcement authority, does not directly infringe the Bill of Rights, and respects individual sovereignty by exempting the…

12. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 4795: Protect Economic and Academic Freedom Act of 2026

    …speech while pursuing funding neutrality. Congress relies on the Spending Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 to set terms for federal funds it appropriates for student aid and international education. Conditioning participation on…

13. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 2853: Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2025

    …by states, but does so within Congress's enumerated power over interstate commerce. It does not infringe individual rights or due process, but the creation of a federal coordination center consolidates law enforcement upward beyond what is…

14. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.Res. 707: Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4922) to limit youth offender status in the District of Columbia to individuals 18 years of age or younger, to direct the Attorney General of the District of Columbia to establish and operate a publicly accessible website containing updated statistics on juvenile crime in the District of Columbia, to amend the District of Columbia Home Rule Act to prohibit the Council of the District of Columbia from enacting changes to existing criminal liability sentences, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5143) to establish standards for law enforcement officers in the District of Columbia to engage in vehicular pursuits of suspects, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5140) to lower the age at which a minor may be tried as an adult for certain criminal offenses in the District of Columbia to 14 years of age; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5125) to amend the

    …provisions (H.R. 1047, H.R. 3015, H.R. 3062) that may fall under the Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), but the interconnection queue reform and border-crossing facility provisions may exceed the scope of federal authority…

15. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 6260: Keeping Violent Offenders Off Our Streets Act of 2025

    …insurance fraud, which falls under Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3). However, the bill redefines 'business of insurance' to include charitable bail funds that post bail, which are not…

16. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 8595: Making appropriations for national security, Department of State, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and for other purposes.

    …funds are drawn. Foreign-affairs spending is tied to federal powers over commerce with foreign nations under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, naturalization and offenses against the law of nations under Clauses 4 and 10, and support for the…

17. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026

    S.J.Res. 28: A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications".

    …CFPB supervisory rule over large digital payment apps. It rests on Article I commerce and oversight authority, enacted through proper bicameralism and presentment, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic…

18. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade F (Direct violation) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 5625: Cashless Bail Reporting Act

    …under Article I, Section 8 to regulate state pretrial release procedures. The Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) does not apply because bail decisions are not interstate commerce. The Spending Clause (Article I, Section 8,…

19. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 10, 2026

    H.R. 825: Assisting Small Businesses Not Fraudsters Act

    …has minor constitutional tensions. It operates within Congress's enumerated commerce power and does not directly infringe the Bill of Rights, but the permanent ban on SBA assistance for individuals convicted of financial crimes raises…

20. Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 08, 2026

    H.R. 2478: Financial Exploitation Prevention Act of 2025

    …procedure to pause suspected elder exploitation redemptions fits interstate commerce authority and preserves ownership with notice and court review. Minor tension remains from temporary loss of access to personal funds, warranting tight…