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14 results for “commerce clause”
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
H.R. 4795: Protect Economic and Academic Freedom Act of 2026
…speech while pursuing funding neutrality. Congress relies on the Spending Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 to set terms for federal funds it appropriates for student aid and international education. Conditioning participation on…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 09, 2026
H.R. 1005: Combating the Lies of Authoritarians in School Systems Act
…The bill also lacks a nexus to any enumerated power, such as foreign commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) or national defense (Article I, Section 8, Clauses 11-16), as it targets local school operations rather than direct foreign…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026
H.R. 1048: DETERRENT Act
…constitutional concerns. While Congress has broad authority over interstate commerce and the spending power, the bill's expansive disclosure requirements and prohibitions on contracts with foreign entities of concern implicate First…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 13, 2026
S. 3627: Pregnant Students’ Rights Act
…with fixable issues. Congress has authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (Spending Clause) to attach conditions to federal funds, including student aid programs. The bill conditions participation in federal student aid on providing…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026
H.R. 1049: Transparency in Reporting of Adversarial Contributions to Education Act
…the federal government has broad spending power under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, the conditions imposed here may be unduly coercive and infringe on state sovereignty under the Tenth Amendment. Additionally, the bill's targeting of…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 11, 2026
H.R. 1810: Safe Schools Improvement Act
…constitutional concerns. While Congress has some authority under the Spending Clause and the Fourteenth Amendment to address discrimination in education, the bill's broad mandates on states and local educational agencies, particularly its…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 10, 2026
H.R. 1069: PROTECT Our Kids Act
…Our Kids Act raises significant constitutional concerns under the Spending Clause and the Tenth Amendment. While Congress has broad authority to attach conditions to federal education funding, this bill conditions funding on schools'…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 08, 2026
H.R. 2616: Stopping Indoctrination and Protecting Kids Act
…compelling speech, or commandeering states. Grounded in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and consistent with the First, Tenth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Congress acts under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, the Spending Clause, which permits…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade B (Mostly sound) · Oct 11, 2026
H.R. 5505: Equal Campus Access Act of 2026
…which is within Congress's enumerated authority under the Spending Clause. However, conditioning funds on compliance with religious organization autonomy could, in narrow cases, conflict with a state's own constitutional protections or…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 14, 2026
H.R. 9203: Student Protection and University Accountability Act
…the power to attach conditions to federal spending under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (the Spending Clause). Requiring institutions that voluntarily participate in federal student aid programs to comply with certain procedures is a valid…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 14, 2026
H.R. 10202: High School Voter Empowerment Act of 2026
…or to require annual registration drives. The bill's reliance on the Spending Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) is problematic because the condition—mandating voter registration activities—is not reasonably related to the educational…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade D (Likely unconstitutional) · Oct 10, 2026
H.R. 881: DHS Restrictions on Confucius Institutes and Chinese Entities of Concern Act
…The bill relies on Congress's spending power under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 to attach conditions to DHS grants. However, the condition—terminating relationships with Confucius Institutes and similar entities—is not germane to the…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade C (Significant issues) · Oct 14, 2026
H.R. 7994: HERO Act
…on recipients. While the spending power under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 authorizes conditional grants, the reporting mandate on private schools raises significant federalism and Tenth Amendment concerns, and the program's centralized…
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Constitution Index grade · Constitution grade A (Constitutional) · Oct 09, 2026
H.R. 6359: Pregnant Students’ Rights Act
…with the Constitution. Congress has authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 to spend for the general welfare and to attach conditions to the receipt of federal funds. Because this bill conditions participation in federal student aid…