U.S. Constitution · Article I, Section 9, Clause 4
Direct Tax Clause; Capitation Clause
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Also known as: Direct Tax Clause · Capitation Clause
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The text
No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
Note: This clause was modified by the Sixteenth Amendment, which permits an unapportioned income tax.
National Archives transcription (public domain; original spelling and capitalization). archives.gov
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Leading Supreme Court cases
- Hylton v. United States, 3 U.S. 171 (1796)
- Springer v. United States, 102 U.S. 586 (1881)
- Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 157 U.S. 429 (1895) · superseded in part by the Sixteenth Amendment
Cited in the VFA record
“Where this provision is cited”
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Cite this page
Values for America Constitution Explorer, https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution (text: National Archives transcription, public domain), Article I, Section 9, Clause 4, https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution/article-1/section-9/clause-4
Data: this provision as JSON.