Hershel ‘Woody' Williams National Medal of Honor Monument Location Act

Enumerated powers · passes

Congress has explicit constitutional authority under Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 (the Property Clause) to 'make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States.' The National Mall is federal property, and designating a location for a monument on that property is a valid exercise of this power. No enumerated power is exceeded.

Bill of Rights · passes

The bill does not regulate speech, religion, assembly, press, petition, arms, quartering, search and seizure, self-incrimination, due process, takings, trial rights, or cruel and unusual punishment. It imposes no restrictions on any right protected by the first ten amendments. No Bill of Rights provision is implicated.

Individual liberty · passes

The bill does not restrict any individual's control over their person, property, speech, labor, or belief. It merely designates a location for a monument on federal land. No individual is required to act, refrain from acting, or surrender any right. The government bears no burden to justify a restriction because no restriction exists.

Decentralization · passes

The bill passes all four decentralization questions. (1) An individual or family could not handle this because the National Mall is federal property requiring federal authorization. (2) A local community or county could not handle this because the land is under federal jurisdiction. (3) A state could not handle this because the National Mall is not state land. (4) The action does not consolidate decision-making upward beyond the minimum necessary; only the federal government can authorize placement on federal land. The Tenth Amendment is not violated because the power over federal property is delegated to Congress by the Constitution.

Due process and takings · passes

The bill does not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, nor does it take private property for public use. It involves only the placement of a monument on already-public federal land. No due process or takings issue arises under the Fifth Amendment.