Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act

Enumerated powers · passes

Congress has explicit authority under Article I, Section 8, Clause 17 to exercise exclusive legislation over federal property, and the Property Clause (Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2) grants Congress power to dispose of and make rules respecting federal territory. Naming a federal refuge is a valid exercise of this authority.

Bill of Rights · passes

The bill does not implicate any provision of the Bill of Rights. It merely changes the name of a federal facility and does not affect speech, religion, assembly, press, petition, arms, quartering, search and seizure, self-incrimination, due process, trial rights, jury rights, cruel and unusual punishment, unenumerated rights, or reserved powers.

Individual liberty · passes

The bill imposes no restrictions on personal liberty, property, speech, labor, or belief. It does not regulate individual conduct or require any action from private citizens. The burden on government to justify restrictions is not triggered because no restriction exists.

Decentralization · passes

The action is a purely administrative naming of a federal facility. It does not consolidate decision-making authority; it merely designates a name for property already under federal control. The four-question test is satisfied because the federal government already owns and manages the refuge, and the naming is a ministerial act.

Due process and takings · passes

The bill does not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, nor does it take private property. It does not affect procedural or substantive due process rights. The renaming of a federal refuge is a non-arbitrary administrative action with no impact on individual rights.