Disapproving the behavior of Representative Jesús G. Chuy García of Illinois.

Enumerated powers · passes

Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 expressly grants each House of Congress the power to punish its Members for disorderly behavior and, with a two-thirds vote, to expel a Member. A resolution disapproving a Representative's behavior is a lesser exercise of this same disciplinary authority and is therefore within Congress's enumerated constitutional power.

Bill of Rights · passes

The resolution does not enact a law abridging speech, religion, assembly, press, petition, or any other enumerated right. It is an internal legislative act of disapproval, not a criminal punishment or a prohibition on expression. While the underlying behavior could theoretically involve protected speech, the House's internal disciplinary authority under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 is a legitimate constitutional basis to express disapproval, and the resolution itself does not infringe any Amendment in the Bill of Rights.

Individual liberty · passes

The resolution does not restrict what any person may do with their own person, property, speech, labor, or belief. It is a formal expression of congressional rebuke, not a legal disability or deprivation. The individual Member retains all rights and privileges of office, aside from the reputational consequence of formal disapproval. The burden of justification has been met by the express constitutional grant to discipline Members for disorderly behavior.

Decentralization · passes

The action concerns the internal discipline of a Member of the United States House of Representatives. No individual, family, local community, county, or state government has any authority to discipline a federal Member of Congress for conduct related to their office. The decision necessarily resides at the federal level, and specifically in the House itself, which is the lowest and most appropriate level of government with authority over this matter.

Due process and takings · passes

The resolution is a simple expression of disapproval and does not deprive the Member of life, liberty, or property. It is not a bill of attainder because it is an exercise of the House's own disciplinary authority under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2, not a legislative punishment imposed outside of judicial trial. No property is taken, and no procedural due process rights are triggered beyond whatever internal House procedures govern such resolutions.