To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia and to repeal the Local Resident Voting Rights Amendment Act of 2022.

Enumerated powers · passes

Congress has plenary authority over the District of Columbia under Article I, Section 8, Clause 17, which grants Congress exclusive legislative power over the seat of government. This includes the authority to regulate elections in the District. The bill is a valid exercise of that enumerated power.

Bill of Rights · passes

The bill does not infringe upon any of the first ten amendments. It does not restrict speech, religion, assembly, press, petition, arms, quartering, search and seizure, self-incrimination, due process, takings, trial rights, or cruel and unusual punishment. Noncitizens do not have a constitutional right to vote, and the bill does not affect the rights of U.S. citizens.

Individual liberty · passes · severity: minor

The bill restricts the ability of noncitizens to vote in local elections, but voting is not a fundamental right for noncitizens under the Constitution. The government has a compelling interest in ensuring that elections are conducted by citizens, and the restriction is narrowly tailored to that interest. The bill does not restrict the person, property, speech, labor, or belief of individuals in a way that requires a compelling justification beyond the legitimate interest in defining the electorate.

Decentralization · raises concerns · severity: significant

The bill consolidates decision-making at the federal level by overriding a local law enacted by the District of Columbia. While the District is not a state and is subject to congressional authority, the principle of decentralization suggests that local communities should have the power to determine their own electoral rules, absent a compelling federal interest. The bill fails the fourth question of the decentralization test because it consolidates decision-making upward.

Due process and takings · passes

The bill does not bypass due process or take property without just compensation. It does not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without a fair hearing. The bill is a legislative act that changes the law prospectively, and it does not target any individual or group in a way that violates procedural or substantive due process.