Real bill currently in Congress  c/o  S/119/5360

Rural and Municipal Utility Cybersecurity Act

Policy area: Science, Technology, Communications ▲ 28 days since action Sponsor: David McCormick, PA-Senate, R → Congress.gov

Latest action (2026-08-07): Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

The Framers

“Founders’ Verdict”

CONSTITUTIONAL

Confidence 0.75

Synthesis

The bill is constitutional as a proper exercise of Congress's spending power under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and its commerce power under Article I, Section 8, Clause 3. Hamilton and Marshall found it squarely within enumerated powers, emphasizing the national interest in securing critical energy infrastructure and the voluntary nature of the grant program. Madison conditioned his approval on narrow tailoring to avoid overreach into state police powers and coercive conditions, but the majority holds that the program, as written, respects state sovereignty.

Hamilton YES

This bill is a proper exercise of Congress's power under the Commerce Clause and the General Welfare Clause. The provision of cybersecurity grants and technical assistance to rural and municipal utilities directly supports the security and reliability of interstate energy infrastructure, which is a matter of national concern. Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 grants Congress authority to regulate commerce among the several states, and the reliable flow of electricity is essential to interstate commerce. Furthermore, Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 empowers Congress to provide for the general welfa…

Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 Federalist No. 23
Jefferson NO

This bill proposes federal funding and technical assistance for cybersecurity programs for rural and municipal utilities. The Constitution does not enumerate any power for the general government to involve itself in the internal operations of local utilities, which are matters properly belonging to the states or the people themselves. While the General Welfare Clause may be invoked, it cannot be used to justify any measure that is not tethered to an enumerated power. The Tenth Amendment explicitly reserves to the states all powers not delegated to the United States. The bill's approach expands…

Amendment X Article I, Section 8
Madison CONDITIONAL

The bill proposes federal grants and technical assistance for cybersecurity in rural and municipal utilities. Under the Constitution, Congress may spend for the 'general Welfare' (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1), but this power is limited to purposes that are truly national in scope and not merely local concerns. Cybersecurity of utility infrastructure may affect interstate commerce and national security, thus falling within federal authority. However, the Tenth Amendment reserves to the states powers not delegated to the United States, and the regulation of local utilities has traditionally b…

Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 Tenth Amendment Federalist No. 10 Federalist No. 45
Marshall YES

This bill, which reauthorizes a grant and technical assistance program for cybersecurity in rural and municipal utilities, falls within the enumerated powers of Congress. The Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate commerce among the several states (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3), and the provision of cybersecurity for utilities that often operate across state lines or affect interstate commerce is a proper exercise of that power. Furthermore, the program is a necessary and proper means to achieve the legitimate end of securing the nation's energy infrastructure, as established in …

Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 (Commerce Clause) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

What should pass

“AI Consensus Solution”

No solution yet

Daily synthesis runs at 06:00 UTC. This bill's consensus draft will appear on the next pass.

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