Honoring the life and legacy of the Honorable Kay Granger, a Representative from the State of Texas.

This resolution is a simple, non-binding expression of the House's esteem for a former member. It does not propose legislation, appropriate funds, or command any action. Under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2, the House has the sole authority to determine the rules of its proceedings, and this powers includes the customary privilege of passing ceremonial resolutions. Such an act does not invade the powers of the Executive or Judiciary, and it is a proper exercise of the House's internal governance. Federalist No. 65 likewise underscores the House's distinct constitutional roles and internal auth…

This resolution merely honors an individual's service and does not vest any federal power, impose any duty, or expend any public funds beyond the customary printing and reading of the resolution. It is a simple expression of sentiment by the House, which falls within the legislative discretion to manage its own proceedings under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2. No constitutional provision is violated, as the Tenth Amendment reserves to the States or the people all powers not delegated to the United States, and this action does not exceed any delegated power. The First Amendment's guarantee of t…

This resolution is a ceremonial expression of honor by the House of Representatives. It does not purport to exercise any legislative power beyond the internal proceedings of the House. The Constitution grants each House the authority to determine the rules of its proceedings, which includes the passage of resolutions that do not have the force of law. Such resolutions are a customary and necessary part of legislative deliberation, allowing the House to recognize the service of its members without infringing on any enumerated power or the rights of the states. There is no conflict with the prin…

This resolution is a ceremonial act honoring a Representative. It does not create law, bind the government, or affect individual rights. The Constitution grants each House the power to determine the rules of its proceedings (Article I, Section 5, Clause 2), which includes the authority to pass resolutions of tribute. Such actions are a traditional exercise of legislative discretion and do not conflict with any constitutional provision. As held in Marbury v. Madison (1803), the judiciary does not review political acts committed by the legislature within its constitutional sphere. This resolutio…