Real bill currently in Congress  c/o  HRES/119/1480

Honoring the lives, work, and sacrifice of Joseph Curseen, Jr., and Thomas Morris, Jr., the 2 United States Postal Service employees who died as a result of their contact with anthrax while working at the United States Postal facility located at 900 Brentwood Road NE, Washington, DC, during the anthrax attack in the fall of 2001; United States Postal Service employees, who have continued to work diligently in service to the people of the United States notwithstanding the anthrax attack; as well as the other 3 Americans who died and the 17 who became ill in the attack.

Latest action (2026-08-10): Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.

The Framers

“Founders’ Verdict”

CONSTITUTIONAL

Confidence 1.00

Synthesis

All four founders agree that the resolution is a non-binding, hortatory expression of honor and remembrance, well within the inherent and enumerated powers of Congress, and does not constitute a law, impose obligations, or exceed constitutional limits.

Hamilton YES

This resolution is a simple expression of honor and recognition by the House of Representatives. It does not create any new law, impose any obligation, or expend any public funds. The Constitution grants each House the power to determine the rules of its proceedings (Article I, Section 5, Clause 2) and to express its sentiments through resolutions. Such expressions are a customary and inherent part of legislative deliberation, consistent with the principle that the legislature may address matters of public concern without exceeding its enumerated powers. The resolution does not infringe upon a…

Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 Federalist No. 65
Jefferson YES

This resolution is a mere expression of honor and remembrance, not a law binding the people. The Constitution grants Congress the power to conduct its proceedings and to express its sentiments on matters of public concern. By its nature, a resolution of this kind does not exceed the enumerated powers of the federal government, nor does it abridge the liberties of the people. It neither imposes taxation, nor regulates commerce, nor exercises any coercive authority. Indeed, to honor those who died in service to their country is a virtuous act, consistent with the principles of a free republic. A…

Article I, Section 1 Amendment X
Madison YES

This resolution is a ceremonial expression of respect and honor for public servants, not an exercise of legislative power to regulate conduct or appropriate funds. The Constitution vests Congress with legislative authority (Article I, Section 1), which necessarily includes the power to issue non-binding resolutions that memorialize service and sacrifice. Such resolutions neither enlarge federal jurisdiction nor infringe upon the reserved powers of the states. They are consistent with the limited and defined nature of federal powers, as the resolution imposes no obligation and conflicts with no…

Article I, Section 1 Federalist No. 45
Marshall YES

This resolution is a simple expression of honor and gratitude for the service and sacrifice of United States Postal Service employees. The Constitution vests in Congress the power to establish post offices and post roads (Article I, Section 8, Clause 7), and from this power flows the authority to recognize and commend those who serve in the postal system. Such a resolution does not infringe upon any enumerated power, nor does it violate the separation of powers; it is a legitimate exercise of legislative discretion to acknowledge the public service of those who died or were afflicted in the li…

Article I, Section 8, Clause 7 McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

What should pass

“AI Consensus Solution”

No solution yet

Daily synthesis runs at 06:00 UTC. This bill's consensus draft will appear on the next pass.

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