Temporary Supreme Court Capacity Expansion Act

Section 1 increases the number of Supreme Court justices from 9 to 13, effective 90 days after enactment. The President must nominate the 4 additional associate justices, who serve 18-year terms renewable once, with Senate confirmation required under Article II, Section 2. Section 2 authorizes funding for salaries ($298,500 per justice annually, adjusted for inflation), support staff, and operations for the new justices. Total additional costs are capped and drawn from existing Judiciary branch appropriations, with no new taxes or spending increases. Section 3 requires the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts to report annually to Congress on caseload impacts, justice productivity, and cost savings from expanded capacity. Reports must include recommendations on extension or modification. Section 4 sunsets the expansion after 5 years unless Congress reenacts by joint resolution. Any extension requires supermajority vote (60 Senators, 290 House members) to ensure bipartisanship. This applies only to new appointments; sitting justices retain life tenure. Enforcement follows standard constitutional processes for judicial nominations.