S. 4412 explained  ·  119th Congress  ·  Pending in Congress

No FED in West Texas Act

Create a free account or sign in to follow S. 4412 and get alerts. Policy area: Public Lands and Natural Resources Create a free account or sign in to follow the Public Lands and Natural Resources policy area and get alerts. ▲ 174 days since action Sponsor: Ted Cruz, TX-Senate, R → Congress.gov

Cosponsors: none · per Congress.gov, 2026-10-08

Introduced: 2026-04-28

Latest action (2026-04-28): Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.

What S. 4412 does, in plain terms

No Federal Expansion Designation in West Texas Act or the No FED in West Texas Act This bill prohibits the Department of the Interior from finalizing, implementing, administering, or enforcing its 2023 final land protection plan and environmental assessment for the Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge in Texas. The plan allows Interior to expand the refuge and purchase lands or acquire conservation easements on up to 700,000 acres of land in the Southern High Plains region along the Texas-New Mexico border.

Official summary by the Congressional Research Service, via Congress.gov.

Constitution Index

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S. 4412 has not been graded yet. New measures with an official summary are graded daily under the published rubric.

The Framers

“Founders’ Verdict”

CONSTITUTIONAL

Confidence 1.00

Archived SI output (machine-generated)

No editorial review recorded. This historical SI verdict was machine-generated by software and predates the review desk; check it against the official bill text.

Synthesis

Congress possesses plenary authority under Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 to make needful rules and regulations respecting federal property, including national wildlife refuges, allowing prohibition of specific administrative plans without executive overreach or infringement on state powers.

Hamilton YES

Congress possesses plenary authority to dispose of and regulate property belonging to the United States, including national wildlife refuges which constitute federal territory. A bill prohibiting the implementation of a specific administrative plan for such property falls squarely within this power, as it constitutes a needful rule respecting federal lands. This legislative directive ensures federal supremacy in managing national domains, preventing executive overreach without constitutional warrant. Such specificity in legislation aligns with the energetic exercise of enumerated powers essent…

Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 Federalist No. 23
Jefferson YES

The Congress possesses authority to regulate property belonging to the United States, including wildlife refuges situated thereon, and may thus prohibit the execution of a particular administrative plan for such lands. This exercise falls within the enumerated power to make needful rules respecting federal property, without encroaching upon powers reserved to the States or the people. Strict construction confines federal action to delegated powers, and herein Congress directs its own domain without overreach.

Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 Amendment X
Madison YES

The Congress possesses explicit authority to regulate property belonging to the United States, including wildlife refuges established thereon. A bill prohibiting the implementation of a specific administrative plan for such property constitutes a needful regulation within the enumerated powers, preventing executive overreach while maintaining legislative primacy over federal lands. This aligns with the careful demarcation of powers to avert factional abuse through centralized control.

Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 Federalist No. 43
Marshall YES

The proposed bill falls squarely within the enumerated powers of Congress to regulate federal property. The Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge constitutes property belonging to the United States, over which Congress possesses plenary authority to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations. Prohibiting the implementation of a particular Land Protection Plan is a needful regulation respecting such property, as it directs the management thereof in a manner consistent with legislative prerogative. This exercise of authority is both necessary and proper to the execution of Congress's cons…

Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 (Necessary and Proper Clause, as expounded in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819))
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