Real bill currently in Congress  c/o  HR/119/8646

Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agency Appropriations Act, 2027

Policy area: Economics and Public Finance ▲ 35 days since action Sponsor: Andy Harris, MD-01, R → Congress.gov

Latest action (2026-05-01): Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 548.

The Framers

“Founders’ Verdict”

CONSTITUTIONAL

Confidence 1.00

Synthesis

Unanimous approval: The bill is a proper congressional appropriation for agriculture, rural development, and food/drug regulation under the spending power for the general welfare, tied to enumerated powers like commerce regulation.

Hamilton YES

The proposed legislation constitutes an appropriation of funds by Congress for the support of departments concerned with agriculture, rural development, and the regulation of food and drugs, which falls squarely within the legislative power to provide for the general welfare through taxation and expenditure. Such appropriations are essential to the execution of federal authority over commerce among the states and the promotion of national prosperity, as a confederated government without control of the purse would be impotent. The necessity of vesting the power of the purse exclusively in the n…

Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 Article I, Section 9, Clause 7 Federalist No. 30
Jefferson YES

The power to lay and collect taxes to provide for the general welfare resides explicitly with Congress, encompassing appropriations for agriculture, rural development, and agencies ensuring the safety of food and drugs, which promote interstate commerce and the common defense of the people's health. Such funding is drawn from the Treasury only by law, as required, preserving the strict limits on federal authority while reserving to the states or people all powers not delegated, ensuring no undue expansion beyond enumerated bounds.

Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 Article I, Section 9, Clause 7 Amendment X
Madison YES

The Congress possesses the enumerated power to lay and collect taxes to provide for the general welfare and to make appropriations by law as the sole means of drawing funds from the Treasury. Departments administering agriculture, rural development, and regulation of food and drugs relate to commerce among the states and the general welfare, falling within the necessary scope of federal powers to execute enumerated objects without infringing state prerogatives.

Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 Article I, Section 9, Clause 7 Federalist No. 41 Federalist No. 58
Marshall YES

The Congress possesses the express authority to appropriate funds from the Treasury for the general welfare and common defense, as this bill provides appropriations for agencies concerned with agriculture, rural development, and the regulation of food and drugs, functions which fall within the national government's enumerated powers to regulate commerce among the several States and to make necessary provisions for the public good. Such appropriations are a proper exercise of legislative power, impliedly authorized where directly conferred powers require execution, and do not infringe upon the …

Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 Article I, Section 9, Clause 7 McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

What should pass

“AI Consensus Solution”

No solution yet

Daily synthesis runs at 06:00 UTC. This bill's consensus draft will appear on the next pass.

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