{ "dataset": "grades", "title": "Constitution Index grades", "description": "Every published constitutional grade of a bill or executive order, current and superseded. A grade is never overwritten: a re-grade adds a new row and marks the old one superseded. SI-generated analysis · published after automated checks · not individually reviewed by a person.", "release": "2026-10", "release_version": "vfa-data-release/1.0", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "attribution": "Source: Values for America, Constitution Index, release 2026-10 (https://www.valuesforamerica.com/data/releases/2026-10), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "citation": "Values for America, Constitution Index, release 2026-10. https://www.valuesforamerica.com/data/releases/2026-10", "columns": [ { "name": "grade_id", "type": "integer", "description": "Stable id of this grade version." }, { "name": "permalink", "type": "string", "description": "Citable page for this grade version." }, { "name": "measure_type", "type": "string", "description": "bill or executive_order." }, { "name": "measure_id", "type": "string", "description": "VFA id of the measure (bills: type-congress-number, e.g. hr-119-1; executive orders: Federal Register document number)." }, { "name": "measure_ref", "type": "string", "description": "Human reference, e.g. 'H.R. 1' or 'Executive Order 14321'." }, { "name": "measure_title", "type": "string", "description": "Official title." }, { "name": "measure_page", "type": "string", "description": "Canonical VFA page for the measure." }, { "name": "official_source", "type": "string", "description": "Official source page (Congress.gov or the Federal Register)." }, { "name": "grade", "type": "string", "description": "Letter grade A, B, C, D or F." }, { "name": "grade_meaning", "type": "string", "description": "A Constitutional, B Mostly sound, C Significant issues, D Likely unconstitutional, F Direct violation." }, { "name": "grade_band", "type": "string", "description": "A-B, C or D-F (the bands used by voting records)." }, { "name": "checks_passed", "type": "integer", "description": "How many of the five rubric checks passed (0-5)." }, { "name": "check_enumerated_powers_passed", "type": "boolean", "description": "Whether the measure passed the 'Enumerated powers' check of the five-check rubric." }, { "name": "check_bill_of_rights_passed", "type": "boolean", "description": "Whether the measure passed the 'Bill of Rights' check of the five-check rubric." }, { "name": "check_individual_sovereignty_passed", "type": "boolean", "description": "Whether the measure passed the 'Individual liberty' check of the five-check rubric." }, { "name": "check_decentralization_passed", "type": "boolean", "description": "Whether the measure passed the 'Decentralization' check of the five-check rubric." }, { "name": "check_due_process_takings_passed", "type": "boolean", "description": "Whether the measure passed the 'Due process and takings' check of the five-check rubric." }, { "name": "explanation", "type": "string", "description": "The grade's explanation, citing the Constitution." }, { "name": "rubric_version", "type": "string", "description": "Rubric the grade was issued under." }, { "name": "source_hash", "type": "string", "description": "SHA-256 of the official source text that was graded." }, { "name": "source_fetched_at", "type": "datetime", "description": "When that source text was fetched (UTC)." }, { "name": "graded_at", "type": "datetime", "description": "When the grade was issued (UTC)." }, { "name": "engine", "type": "string", "description": "primary SI engine or backup SI engine." }, { "name": "gate_version", "type": "string", "description": "Version of the publication checks the grade passed." }, { "name": "status", "type": "string", "description": "current or superseded." }, { "name": "superseded_by_grade_id", "type": "integer", "description": "The grade that replaced this one, if any." }, { "name": "superseded_at", "type": "datetime", "description": "When it was superseded (UTC)." }, { "name": "citation", "type": "string", "description": "Ready citation for this grade." } ], "row_count": 311, "rows": [ { "grade_id": 1, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/1", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-2273", "measure_ref": "S. 2273", "measure_title": "Wyoming Education Trust Modernization Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-2273", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2273", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Wyoming managing its own school trust fund investment policy is core reserved state power with no rights infringement, sovereignty burden, centralization, or taking. Grade A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": null, "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-05T20:18:03.739048+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-05T20:18:24.892750+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 1 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/1" }, { "grade_id": 2, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/2", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-4974", "measure_ref": "S. 4974", "measure_title": "Making America's Food Safer Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-4974", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4974", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional exercise of foreign commerce power with built-in Fifth Amendment hearing, downward information sharing, and voluntary audits. No rights infringement or unlawful consolidation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "888cd6a6c41ec6daf01f9d2bfac91b03dee6bda6cc72834b1488296644607fb5", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-05T07:00:00.028981+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:30:09.083520+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 2 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/2" }, { "grade_id": 3, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/3", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-4668", "measure_ref": "S. 4668", "measure_title": "Protect College Sports Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-4668", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4668", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Interstate media-rights pooling and antitrust relief are within Commerce Clause power and impose no direct Bill of Rights violation, but permanent federal caps on revenue sharing, a federal agent fee schedule, and federally fixed transfer and coaching-movement rules displace state law and private contract liberty and consolidate at the federal level what states, schools, and individuals could handle. Fixable by narrowing to antitrust and genuinely interstate commerce provisions and leaving eligibility, representation terms, and employment mobility to states and private associations.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e66a638effc4dda3a3b616406029d9417b5e027c2f1817f5e778e805f9725503", "source_fetched_at": "2026-09-19T05:15:00.653459+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:30:24.435008+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 3 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/3" }, { "grade_id": 4, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/4", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-2283", "measure_ref": "H.R. 2283", "measure_title": "Recognizing Community Organizations for Veteran Engagement and Recovery Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-2283", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2283", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 2283 operates within Congress's veteran-care and spending powers, funds voluntary community-based mental health care through a limited SI-reviewed pilot structure, and infringes no rights, sovereignty, or due process protections. It supports rather than displaces local providers.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "2b58e1b9fb9aa919cc5cae6bffe0c1ad0bb38dd943475ac726b5cebf846d42ac", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T07:00:00.032430+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:30:38.466018+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 4 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/4" }, { "grade_id": 5, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/5", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-9496", "measure_ref": "H.R. 9496", "measure_title": "End Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-9496", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9496", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional relief measure within Congress's tax power that pauses federal tax deadlines during wrongful detention abroad and refunds penalties, with no rights infringement, no power overreach, and no upward consolidation of authority.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0344d0fc9d2c5da637c818f8ed0203e81a152787baec891b1d37c3333ee2be5b", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-04T07:00:00.013671+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:30:57.447369+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 5 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/5" }, { "grade_id": 6, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/6", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-9340", "measure_ref": "H.R. 9340", "measure_title": "Ratepayer Protection Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-9340", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9340", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "The Ratepayer Protection Act is constitutional. It rests on the Commerce Clause, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, preserves state decision-making by requiring only consideration of a cost-causer-pays standard, and provides no shortcut around due process or takings protections.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b90b658f30fb86e1398f71e7308c76846693a4698a43ae8624d88a0ac696981f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-04T07:00:00.013671+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:31:15.579494+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 6 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/6" }, { "grade_id": 7, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/7", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-227", "measure_ref": "H.R. 227", "measure_title": "Clergy Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-227", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/227", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary two-year window letting clergy reverse a prior exemption, with IRS notice. Within taxing power, violates no rights, expands choice, and takes nothing.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "691e53b06e0cd33a2bf0174adbb60b9adfe2e8d0885e09f2a8856c483a6758b4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-04T07:00:00.013671+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:31:27.316076+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 7 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/7" }, { "grade_id": 8, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/8", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7831", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7831", "measure_title": "License to Drill Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7831", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7831", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Extension of an existing cost-recovery fee for voluntary oil and gas permit applications on federal lands is a proper exercise of the Article IV Property Clause, infringes no rights, and consolidates no new power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1af589dbb23b4c124bf9b3fd67ed171399af4b89e9cc8377cc7cbd4c9b41045a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-07-31T05:15:01.099381+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:31:40.240382+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 8 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/8" }, { "grade_id": 9, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/9", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7008", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7008", "measure_title": "Stop Insider Trading Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7008", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7008", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 7008 is constitutional as an internal congressional ethics rule under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2. It does not expand federal power over states or private citizens, infringe the Bill of Rights, or bypass due process. Minor tension remains in extending purchase limits to family members and imposing a gain-based fee, but exemptions and fixed standards keep it sound.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1fd86920e794dc4bf68d562decfb303bd99a5769c12c2b5a3592bc99d495bf8b", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T07:59:37.656974+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:31:52.184039+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 9 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/9" }, { "grade_id": 10, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/10", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7618", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7618", "measure_title": "American Battlefield Protection Program Amendments Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7618", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7618", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary federal grants and studies to preserve nationally significant battlefields rest on the spending and property powers, restrict no rights, seize no property, and impose no mandates, making the measure constitutionally sound.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7fea400585a202db40f2881715651610a46a7336db811be9ef67d995402b1553", "source_fetched_at": "2026-07-23T05:15:00.336143+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:32:17.512641+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 10 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/10" }, { "grade_id": 11, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/11", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-5349", "measure_ref": "H.R. 5349", "measure_title": "TAS Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-5349", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5349", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "The TAS Act is procedural reform within Congress's tax and tribunal powers. It expands taxpayer access through equitable tolling, keeps subpoena and contempt powers under judicial control within constitutional limits, and does not restrict rights, seize property, or consolidate power beyond the federal tax forum.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "431b4c92a4ea9cba34a0b979e22e70bbf57fb57d01948ca426dbb3b69d1102f6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-04T07:00:00.013671+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:32:35.597494+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 11 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/11" }, { "grade_id": 12, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/12", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-20319", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14432", "measure_title": "Streamlining Access to Government Services Through America.gov", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-20319", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/10/02/2026-20319/streamlining-access-to-government-services-through-americagov", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary federal service portal within presidential management authority that preserves agency control, privacy law limits, and alternative access channels. No new federal power, mandate, centralized records system, or rights restriction.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "31df7cf82f4404824e04554278a403963b0d6039d5a6f1d7ec6e860dbd025076", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:41.658024+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:32:47.532656+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 12 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/12" }, { "grade_id": 13, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/13", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-20320", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14433", "measure_title": "Eliminating Disease-Carrying Pests and Restoring Enjoyment of the Great Outdoors", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-20320", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/10/02/2026-20320/eliminating-disease-carrying-pests-and-restoring-enjoyment-of-the-great-outdoors", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional public-health housekeeping centered on federal authority in DC: federal-land pest reduction, voluntary cooperation, research prizes, and safety review, with no mandates, rights restrictions, takings, or federal takeover of state pest control.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "bca2023ddfbbd3621f908fd138b21e1e8c0e3eead7031d7355022635a8aba58e", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:41.365007+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:33:05.299781+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 13 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/13" }, { "grade_id": 14, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/14", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-20321", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14434", "measure_title": "Inaugurating the Era of Super Intelligence", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-20321", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/10/02/2026-20321/inaugurating-the-era-of-super-intelligence", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14434 is an internal SI terminology directive for executive branch non-statutory documents, grounded in Article II supervision of the executive branch. It creates no private obligation, preemption, surveillance, taking, or speech restriction, and defers to Congress on any statutory definition change.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "86f74d35a90c2133819e8d563cd87832abf2d4b8bfafbfa645a8ef332f51e1d9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:41.072890+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:33:17.360135+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 14 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/14" }, { "grade_id": 15, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/15", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-02813", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14382", "measure_title": "Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Iran", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-02813", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/11/2026-02813/addressing-threats-to-the-united-states-by-the-government-of-iran", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Secondary tariffs to pressure Iran rest on Presidential foreign-emergency power plus congressional delegation, operate at the proper federal level for foreign commerce and national security, and impose no direct Bill of Rights violation or domestic taking. Broad fact-finding and modification discretion create minor vagueness and delegation tension, fixable through clear rules and review, supporting a Mostly sound grade.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "77499c0cfea56ccb5936e42dd136d8ee1f14a4d630adced9f6b1c6ec2fbc4a7e", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:56.692951+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:33:34.502283+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 15 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/15" }, { "grade_id": 16, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/16", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-02814", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14383", "measure_title": "Establishing an America First Arms Transfer Strategy", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-02814", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/11/2026-02814/establishing-an-america-first-arms-transfer-strategy", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14383 is a foreign-policy and defense-management directive within core presidential Article II authority and existing congressional arms-sale statutes. It restricts no domestic rights, takes no property, denies no process, and consolidates no state or local function. SI analysis finds it constitutionally sound.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a1c27d8ae74287f0e918534f9ea7d0801a62125cfb62bc9aa285c2a83ba0d3ab", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:56.406210+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:33:57.867063+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 16 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/16" }, { "grade_id": 17, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/17", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-02818", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14384", "measure_title": "Modifying Duties To Address Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-02818", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/11/2026-02818/modifying-duties-to-address-threats-to-the-united-states-by-the-government-of-the-russian-federation", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This order ends the added 25 percent duty on goods of India following steps to stop Russian oil imports. It uses proper federal foreign-commerce power, eases burdens, infringes no rights, respects just process. Result is proper.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6eabaca0c3dd8c9ea9042d12b0901a0440a4135a2a91390bd8a71db2da987911", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:56.118329+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:34:34.457309+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 17 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/17" }, { "grade_id": 18, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/18", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-02819", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14385", "measure_title": "Protecting the National Security and Welfare of the United States and Its Citizens From Criminal Actors and Other Public Safety Threats", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-02819", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/11/2026-02819/protecting-the-national-security-and-welfare-of-the-united-states-and-its-citizens-from-criminal", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14385 operates within federal immigration, border-security, and foreign-affairs powers, uses existing conviction records with privacy safeguards, and imposes no new rights restriction, liberty deprivation, or property taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "49fa7a1a2608cd654423261ebf4bb2106251b8ce9463fa332c951fdc1b739e50", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:55.827777+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:34:46.179646+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 18 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/18" }, { "grade_id": 19, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/19", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-02292", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14381", "measure_title": "Celebrating American Greatness With American Motor Racing", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-02292", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/04/2026-02292/celebrating-american-greatness-with-american-motor-racing", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14381 directs federal agencies to plan a temporary INDYCAR exhibition in the federal capital district for the 250th anniversary, using existing permit authorities and appropriated funds and coordinating with D.C. officials. Within the District where the Constitution grants exclusive federal jurisdiction, this is a lawful exercise of executive management with no Bill of Rights infringement, no sovereignty restriction, and no due process or takings issue.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "85b7be62ac435259223def189807d4b97de0171786acd899dd16b7836779b3a3", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:56.987662+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:35:00.436687+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 19 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/19" }, { "grade_id": 20, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/20", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-02249", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14379", "measure_title": "Addressing Addiction Through the Great American Recovery Initiative", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-02249", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/03/2026-02249/addressing-addiction-through-the-great-american-recovery-initiative", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14379 creates a voluntary, advisory White House coordinating initiative for addiction treatment with no mandates, prohibitions, surveillance, seizures, or spending beyond appropriations. It stays within Article II executive coordination, infringes no rights, coerces no individual, preserves state and local roles, and bypasses no due process. Constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f5b74bcf44d34e6daac15107905db5342097bd84296ec9ff2886bc5e4d332907", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:57.624493+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:35:19.850731+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 20 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/20" }, { "grade_id": 21, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/21", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-02250", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14380", "measure_title": "Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Cuba", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-02250", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/03/2026-02250/addressing-threats-to-the-united-states-by-the-government-of-cuba", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds EO 14380 is a foreign-affairs and foreign-commerce emergency measure within presidential and delegated authority, with no domestic rights infringement, sovereignty violation, or taking. Minor tension remains because tariff rates are set by executive finding rather than direct congressional act, warranting B rather than A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b314ac9f265d8f4c70490ad979ebd3e667b48b0f5028f791496c604e7c8b75bf", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:57.329166+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:35:38.331347+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 21 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/21" }, { "grade_id": 22, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/22", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-01871", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14377", "measure_title": "Addressing State and Local Failures To Rebuild Los Angeles After Wildfire Disasters", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-01871", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/29/2026-01871/addressing-state-and-local-failures-to-rebuild-los-angeles-after-wildfire-disasters", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal help for wildfire survivors is legitimate under the spending power, and removing permitting delays protects property owners. But ordering federal agencies to preempt state and local building permits by executive action violates separation of powers and the Tenth Amendment because only Congress can preempt traditional state land-use authority. Fix requires congressional authorization narrowly tied to federal funds.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "31ea003aa22a9e41f70b0511f5af82d159517ebe54de288f7987fd3c18aa0756", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:58.220270+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:35:52.055955+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 22 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/22" }, { "grade_id": 23, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/23", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-01872", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14378", "measure_title": "Continuance of the Federal Emergency Management Agency Review Council", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-01872", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/29/2026-01872/continuance-of-the-federal-emergency-management-agency-review-council", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Continuance of an advisory FEMA Review Council under existing statutory authority, with no new powers, mandates, rights restrictions, or takings. Constitutional executive oversight function.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c90476f60aca99ef58291524a9a80c0a18f0e18a8b164ed6c2648cc5d0a8981a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:57.921837+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:36:04.068119+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 23 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/23" }, { "grade_id": 24, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/24", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-01424", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14376", "measure_title": "Stopping Wall Street From Competing With Main Street Homebuyers", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-01424", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/23/2026-01424/stopping-wall-street-from-competing-with-main-street-homebuyers", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14376 directs how the Federal Government sells, insures, guarantees, and securitizes homes it already touches, orders lawful antitrust and disclosure reviews, and asks Congress for legislation. It imposes no private-market ban, no seizure, and no penalty without process, staying within executive stewardship of Federal property and programs. Constitutionally sound with only implementation details left to agencies and Congress.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1edd9736fd42cefe807a559642d126822bfcdba25a8110834fe822b8291067bb", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:58.526173+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:36:18.553957+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 24 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/24" }, { "grade_id": 25, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/25", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-01271", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14375", "measure_title": "Designating the Board of Peace as a Public International Organization Entitled To Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-01271", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/22/2026-01271/designating-the-board-of-peace-as-a-public-international-organization-entitled-to-enjoy-certain", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14375 is a routine foreign-affairs designation authorized by Congress and the President's Article II powers. It restricts no rights, takes no property, compels no person, and handles at the federal level only what only the federal level can handle.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "928b0421af148783b3ab326fe3bb9183a8477cd6bf834a940fea2929651eaa0e", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:58.819551+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:36:31.665876+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 25 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/25" }, { "grade_id": 26, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/26", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-01061", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14374", "measure_title": "Establishing a Second Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-01061", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/20/2026-01061/establishing-a-second-emergency-board-to-investigate-disputes-between-the-long-island-rail-road", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14374 faithfully executes section 9A of the Railway Labor Act by creating a temporary, neutral, fact-finding board with no permanent regulatory, punitive, or confiscatory power. It rests on the Commerce Clause and Take Care Clause, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, preserves due process through notice and final-offer procedures, and does not permanently centralize labor relations or individual liberty.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9bef304a3d23c6192444af042d5400953f208559f7fbcfc62739f99c626f99ef", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:59.107676+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:36:51.834184+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 26 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/26" }, { "grade_id": 27, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/27", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-00831", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14373", "measure_title": "Safeguarding Venezuelan Oil Revenue for the Good of the American and Venezuelan People", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-00831", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/15/2026-00831/safeguarding-venezuelan-oil-revenue-for-the-good-of-the-american-and-venezuelan-people", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14373 is a federal foreign-affairs asset-preservation measure under IEEPA and sovereign immunity, not a domestic rights restriction or federal overreach. It protects acknowledged Venezuelan sovereign funds in Treasury custody from private attachment while preserving sovereign disposition, leaving private liberty and domestic federalism intact.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5fbaf3d57b4c8c43a8aa74024d9f8e2ff10f94f33c84bf3c5cc97369e8194ed6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:59.399488+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:37:06.506389+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 27 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/27" }, { "grade_id": 28, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/28", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2026-00554", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14372", "measure_title": "Prioritizing the Warfighter in Defense Contracting", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2026-00554", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/13/2026-00554/prioritizing-the-warfighter-in-defense-contracting", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "Defense procurement is a legitimate federal function and future performance-based contracting is constitutional, but the order's immediate industry-wide dividend ban and Secretary-defined underperformance findings with salary controls and only 15-day negotiation lack clear statutory authority and procedural safeguards, requiring structural rewrite to tie remedies to statute and specific contract terms with fair notice and hearing.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4002eb5c0cc01ef0c8f72ae070f767eb580ff7b46f54fae7e424d18fd0059aec", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:59.693555+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:37:21.522367+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 28 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/28" }, { "grade_id": 29, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/29", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-23844", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14368", "measure_title": "Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-23844", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23844/adjustments-of-certain-rates-of-pay", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Routine annual federal pay adjustment under existing statutes. Within presidential and congressional authority, infringes no rights, restricts no private conduct, and takes no property.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "caf49efaa954d14901732f4c8e894b78de622cdaf75976df445739c6be3662ff", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:00.856786+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:37:34.582475+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 29 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/29" }, { "grade_id": 30, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/30", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-23845", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14369", "measure_title": "Ensuring American Space Superiority", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-23845", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23845/ensuring-american-space-superiority", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14369 directs federal space exploration, national defense, and commercial development within core federal powers. It infringes no enumerated or unenumerated rights, restricts no individual conduct, usurps no state or local function, and takes no property without due process. Grade A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3584aa3799396add7b410fe9f8b695102faaf65bc992b9e4aca535f0787e0846", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:00.571722+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:37:48.506229+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 30 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/30" }, { "grade_id": 31, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/31", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-23846", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14370", "measure_title": "Increasing Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-23846", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23846/increasing-medical-marijuana-and-cannabidiol-research", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14370 is constitutional. It executes existing CSA authority to reschedule marijuana to Schedule III and improve research on medical marijuana and cannabidiol, with no rights infringement, no taking, no new federal power grab, and explicit respect for state medical programs.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e452df3815a7a1423ec1b36d9bdd975fc5036baaf102aedb622f60be17d549fc", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:00.279426+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:38:03.688267+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 31 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/31" }, { "grade_id": 32, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/32", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-23847", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14371", "measure_title": "Providing for the Closing of Executive Departments and Agencies of the Federal Government on December 24, 2025, and December 26, 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-23847", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23847/providing-for-the-closing-of-executive-departments-and-agencies-of-the-federal-government-on", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Routine Article II workforce-management order closing executive offices on December 24 and 26, 2025 with pay protections and national-security exceptions. It stays within presidential authority, infringes no rights, takes no property, and consolidates no new power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c743d4cfe45a9ee899987a6c17fea5fb1bf4a0c2332a762726abc9f2ffd2c8bb", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T22:59:59.983855+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:38:19.355460+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 32 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/32" }, { "grade_id": 33, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/33", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-23417", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14367", "measure_title": "Designating Fentanyl as a Weapon of Mass Destruction", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-23417", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/18/2025-23417/designating-fentanyl-as-a-weapon-of-mass-destruction", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14367 directs existing federal agencies to use existing laws versus transnational fentanyl trafficking framed as a chemical-weapon threat. It creates no new criminal liability and preserves applicable-law safeguards, so it is mostly sound with minor tension from the broad WMD label which requires oversight to prevent future surveillance or due-process overreach.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "2ca449c20aaab509386163914e93822a97c06995e84dd8ff9b8cbd5ea75b1c64", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:01.160299+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:38:47.571741+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 33 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/33" }, { "grade_id": 34, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/34", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-23092", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14365", "measure_title": "Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-23092", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/16/2025-23092/ensuring-a-national-policy-framework-for-artificial-intelligence", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order stays within executive litigation and coordination authority and protects speech values, but uses federal litigation plus funding leverage to displace state policy before Congress enacts a national standard, creating significant Tenth Amendment and decentralization tension.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "dded6fb7bb60623948cb36940975690347508ec352aaeeb990627f191a2a9a81", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:01.754113+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:39:05.345179+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 34 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/34" }, { "grade_id": 35, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/35", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-23093", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14366", "measure_title": "Protecting American Investors From Foreign-Owned and Politically-Motivated Proxy Advisors", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-23093", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/16/2025-23093/protecting-american-investors-from-foreign-owned-and-politically-motivated-proxy-advisors", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14366 is procedural and enforcement-directed within existing federal securities, antitrust, and pension law. It orders APA-compliant review, fraud enforcement, disclosure, and fiduciary analysis without banning speech, seizing property, or seizing state authority over interstate markets. Any constitutional risk depends on future rulemakings, which the Order channels through due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d7b8d95d6be493fb2421ebdc5b72059a9ad4b4e0b9bc6547730e2e4e9dc7c65f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:01.453992+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:39:18.545612+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 35 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/35" }, { "grade_id": 36, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/36", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-22537", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14364", "measure_title": "Addressing Security Risks From Price Fixing and Anti-Competitive Behavior in the Food Supply Chain", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-22537", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/10/2025-22537/addressing-security-risks-from-price-fixing-and-anti-competitive-behavior-in-the-food-supply-chain", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14364 directs existing DOJ and FTC antitrust authorities to investigate suspected price fixing and foreign-control risks in interstate food supply chains and to pursue only lawful enforcement, criminal process, and congressional briefings. It claims no new power, restricts no protected freedom, and preserves full due process and judicial review.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "10ba4c404a00d003afa23c1433266313acc904a138412d5cced25b5485d83347", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:02.071668+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:39:31.824171+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 36 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/36" }, { "grade_id": 37, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/37", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-21664", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14362", "measure_title": "Designation of Certain Muslim Brotherhood Chapters as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-21664", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/28/2025-21664/designation-of-certain-muslim-brotherhood-chapters-as-foreign-terrorist-organizations-and-specially", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14362 initiates a statutory process to consider designated foreign chapters for terrorist and sanctions listings based on alleged cross-border violence. It rests on clear Article II and Article I, Section 8 foreign-affairs and statutory authority, imposes no immediate rights deprivation or property taking, and addresses a function only the federal government can perform.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5abbf503d023cabbb4521f858c17066487e9f9aa27cff4ef14f9b39e9e0870d6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:02.651638+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:39:51.532593+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 37 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/37" }, { "grade_id": 38, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/38", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-21665", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14363", "measure_title": "Launching the Genesis Mission", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-21665", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/28/2025-21665/launching-the-genesis-mission", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14363 coordinates existing federal laboratories, computing, and scientific datasets for accelerated research, expressly subject to applicable law, privacy and property protections, and available appropriations. It rests on established executive and spending authorities, infringes no enumerated right, compels no private conduct, stays at the federal level only where that scale is required, and effects no taking without compensation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f411ca279904bd69033772db88164bb1a1e3a22e87db6a5e899c91a3c7bb19d2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:02.364114+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:40:07.639951+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 38 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/38" }, { "grade_id": 39, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/39", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-21417", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14361", "measure_title": "Modifying the Scope of Tariffs on the Government of Brazil", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-21417", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/26/2025-21417/modifying-the-scope-of-tariffs-on-the-government-of-brazil", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order 14361 reduces the tariff burden imposed under prior order by exempting agricultural goods during negotiations with Brazil. No Bill of Rights, due process, takings, sovereignty, or decentralization violation is found. The remaining defect is structural: tariffs are a congressional power under Article I, Section 8, and continued presidential management through emergency delegation retains significant enumerated-powers tension.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "44e8f73cc3cc0fc318b8be121e15a3012eb187f44b6ea03b92a115f07d234f53", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:02.958012+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:40:22.511198+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 39 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/39" }, { "grade_id": 40, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/40", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-21203", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14360", "measure_title": "Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-21203", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/25/2025-21203/modifying-the-scope-of-the-reciprocal-tariffs-with-respect-to-certain-agricultural-products", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This order narrows prior tariffs on certain agricultural products, lowering costs and trade barriers. Trade duties belong at the federal level, no Bill of Rights freedom is infringed, and due process with refunds is preserved. A minor enumerated-powers tension remains over emergency-based tariff authority, so grade is B rather than A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4d1e96088c527d564fc0fa1956a27afddf3cda9277ee276dc349c079114d9652", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:03.253388+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:40:37.026710+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 40 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/40" }, { "grade_id": 41, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/41", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-20406", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14359", "measure_title": "Fostering the Future for American Children and Families", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-20406", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/19/2025-20406/fostering-the-future-for-american-children-and-families", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14359 directs voluntary support, transparency, modernization, and faith-inclusive partnership within existing federally funded child-welfare programs. It asserts no new federal police power, restricts no Bill of Rights freedom, compels no individual conduct, preserves state operational control, and effects no taking or due-process deprivation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "74004b2821cbf38499568e70014c5f5d43f26b5c75a3f6eb88465a8d7de6c9ec", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:03.565532+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:41:08.085789+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 41 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/41" }, { "grade_id": 42, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/42", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-19825", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14357", "measure_title": "Modifying Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-19825", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/07/2025-19825/modifying-duties-addressing-the-synthetic-opioid-supply-chain-in-the-peoples-republic-of-china", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14357 reduces an existing tariff burden from 20% to 10% in response to PRC commitments on fentanyl precursors. It operates within the federal foreign-commerce domain, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic liberty, and satisfies due process through prospective published implementation. The only tension is reliance on broad IEEPA delegation of Congress's tariff power, which is mitigated because the order deregulates rather than expands exaction.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f2f03b8e9a1c28c13d1e5252d465e3d0bc92e2a9add344d39fd2cb0f9af62ca8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:04.147833+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:41:33.648219+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 42 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/42" }, { "grade_id": 43, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/43", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-19826", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14358", "measure_title": "Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates Consistent With the Economic and Trade Arrangement Between the United States and the People's Republic of China", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-19826", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/11/07/2025-19826/modifying-reciprocal-tariff-rates-consistent-with-the-economic-and-trade-arrangement-between-the", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This order suspends higher tariffs and therefore does not itself violate the Bill of Rights, sovereignty, decentralization, or due process. It remains constitutionally troubled because it perpetuates a presidential tariff regime grounded in an emergency declaration over trade deficits, a domain Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3 reserves to Congress. SI analysis grades the tariff structure as requiring congressional authorization.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3fb9eb0a98576a18694d1a9c850a1ad973f42cf206b6bb5ecd8a6dc52a83526f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:03.857913+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:41:49.439330+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 43 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/43" }, { "grade_id": 44, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/44", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-19614", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14356", "measure_title": "Ensuring Continued Accountability in Federal Hiring", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-19614", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/20/2025-19614/ensuring-continued-accountability-in-federal-hiring", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Internal federal hiring control under Article II; no rights curb, no private curb, no upward power move, no loss of process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "58204e431d45f208261da8c301cc453c07e9a4b2dfc64ba2c82ffcb3c2f1162f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:04.455943+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:42:12.025886+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 44 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/44" }, { "grade_id": 45, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/45", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-19495", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14355", "measure_title": "Unlocking Cures for Pediatric Cancer With Artificial Intelligence", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-19495", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/07/2025-19495/unlocking-cures-for-pediatric-cancer-with-artificial-intelligence", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14355 directs existing federal health and science officials to coordinate, prioritize existing funds, improve interoperability with privacy and patient control, and encourage voluntary private research to improve pediatric cancer diagnostics and treatment using advanced artificial intelligence methods. It creates no mandate, no seizure of data, no new spending, and no preemption of states, operating within presidential supervision of the executive branch and congressional health-research authority.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d593449a4abe0c143b4fd9865a247b83ed67dbf03b4e8eb6931a9ad1f36d76b0", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:04.756189+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:42:38.247954+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 45 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/45" }, { "grade_id": 46, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/46", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-19483", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14353", "measure_title": "Assuring the Security of the State of Qatar", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-19483", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/06/2025-19483/assuring-the-security-of-the-state-of-qatar", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14353 declares a United States guarantee of Qatar against external attack and pledges diplomatic, economic, and if necessary military defense. Conducting diplomacy and contingency planning is within executive competence, and the Order infringes no Bill of Rights or due process rights. It fails as a unilateral security guarantee: only Congress can declare war under Article I, Section 8, Clause 11, and only the President plus two-thirds of the Senate can make a binding defense treaty under Article II, Section 2, Clause 2. The qualifying language requiring lawful measures helps, but the guarantee must go through the Senate as a treaty and through Congress for any use of force and funding.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4ef338fcb586f58b350c8cdfa22f44da85ad67c2fc77936f7f0639bdc72858b6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:05.424840+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:42:51.786914+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 46 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/46" }, { "grade_id": 47, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/47", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-19485", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14354", "measure_title": "Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-19485", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/10/06/2025-19485/continuance-of-certain-federal-advisory-committees", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14354 is a routine administrative continuance of 22 existing purely advisory committees under the Federal Advisory Committee Act. It exercises lawful Article II executive authority, infringes no rights, imposes no private restriction, takes no property, and consolidates no new federal power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "cbabe0218121d27bae47f2f99ab0e36389ade511b452206410832dd06e915207", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:05.062125+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:43:03.165223+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 47 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/47" }, { "grade_id": 48, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/48", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-19139", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14352", "measure_title": "Saving TikTok While Protecting National Security", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-19139", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/30/2025-19139/saving-tiktok-while-protecting-national-security", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "The order executes a law passed by Congress to resolve a foreign control risk through sale to United States control, continued service, and security safeguards, without banning speech, seizing property, or claiming power beyond the statute.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "484b24126bada1e94c5af901c90fc200a386cfbfa4dd8f7a8d8676a3455de222", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:05.718558+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:43:39.149450+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 48 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/48" }, { "grade_id": 49, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/49", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-18602", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14351", "measure_title": "The Gold Card", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-18602", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/24/2025-18602/the-gold-card", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal authority over immigration exists, but Executive Order 14351 uses it to create Gold Card eligibility, deem gifts to satisfy statutory EB-1/EB-2 merit and waiver standards, allow corporate transfer, and establish funds and fees. That legislates new visa policy reserved to Congress under Article I, requiring a congressional rewrite. No direct Bill of Rights, sovereignty, decentralization, or takings violation was found.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "88b0c2a37df7e5a950f07934ccfb06c526b3249e5741369c2e48447461b4ae62", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:06.013059+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:43:54.303987+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 49 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/49" }, { "grade_id": 50, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/50", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-18479", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14349", "measure_title": "Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between the Long Island Rail Road Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-18479", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/23/2025-18479/establishing-an-emergency-board-to-investigate-disputes-between-the-long-island-rail-road-company", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Emergency investigatory board expressly required by Railway Labor Act section 9A, executing Commerce Clause regulation of rail disputes. Temporary, neutral, report-only body with no rights restriction, no permanent centralization, and no deprivation or taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "67d5ed7d160b629645ba278ad047f66990a566e643fd6fc7b9f2f27e0671b783", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:06.707766+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:44:22.189824+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 50 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/50" }, { "grade_id": 51, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/51", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-18482", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14350", "measure_title": "Further Extending the TikTok Enforcement Delay", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-18482", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/23/2025-18482/further-extending-the-tiktok-enforcement-delay", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "This delay preserves speech in the short term but does so by unconstitutional means: the President repeatedly suspends, rewrites, and grants prospective immunity under a valid Act of Congress and claims exclusive power to bar State enforcement, violating the Take Care Clause in Article II, Section 3 and the separation of powers in Article I, Sections 1 and 7. The method requires structural correction by Congress, not by extended Executive non-enforcement.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1f8ed3e6b39f7dd5a34c26ec61967a40222e9c56175d6dd61ab724bac302effe", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:06.306683+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:44:42.055419+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 51 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/51" }, { "grade_id": 52, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/52", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-17507", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14346", "measure_title": "Modifying the Scope of Reciprocal Tariffs and Establishing Procedures for Implementing Trade and Security Agreements", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-17507", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/10/2025-17507/modifying-the-scope-of-reciprocal-tariffs-and-establishing-procedures-for-implementing-trade-and", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "EO 14346 operates in the inherently federal field of foreign commerce where decentralization, Bill of Rights, and takings checks pass, and the underlying SI review finds publication and prospective application satisfy due process. It is downgraded because the President exercises Congress's Article I, Section 8 taxing and foreign-commerce powers through an expansive emergency delegation, with attendant costs to individual property and contract freedom lacking a narrowly proven justification.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "450d5a41af78b331221333b2c420363b66a644beb53c16354add2724fd23bc18", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:07.596911+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:45:05.924082+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 52 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/52" }, { "grade_id": 53, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/53", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-17508", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14347", "measure_title": "Restoring the United States Department of War", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-17508", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/10/2025-17508/restoring-the-united-states-department-of-war", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14347 authorizes ceremonial secondary use of Department of War titles while expressly preserving all statutory names and legal authority pending Congress. Within Commander in Chief and executive management power, it infringes no rights, takes no property, and consolidates no new power. Constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "abcb60d103cac1c46a0078051d0c112192b54b4931d03a5a67c3ed8fcef49077", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:07.309128+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:45:23.339248+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 53 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/53" }, { "grade_id": 54, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/54", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-17509", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14348", "measure_title": "Strengthening Efforts To Protect U.S. Nationals From Wrongful Detention Abroad", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-17509", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/10/2025-17509/strengthening-efforts-to-protect-us-nationals-from-wrongful-detention-abroad", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14348 is a core Article II foreign-affairs action implementing the Levinson Act to deter state hostage-taking through designation, sanctions, visa, assistance, export, and passport tools already authorized by Congress. It infringes no Bill of Rights protection, takes no property, denies no hearing, usurps no state power, and restricts domestic sovereignty only incidentally and with compelling justification. This SI review grades it Constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c54d6377d0bc887858974935b245aa90c6daa00b9cb55f2a70b8f377a7909cc5", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:07.010097+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:45:38.921756+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 54 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/54" }, { "grade_id": 55, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/55", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-17389", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14345", "measure_title": "Implementing the United States-Japan Agreement", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-17389", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/09/2025-17389/implementing-the-united-states-japan-agreement", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Tariff-setting is a federal foreign-commerce function, with no direct Bill of Rights violation, but executive imposition of a broad 15 percent duty system under emergency powers bypasses Congress's exclusive Article I taxing power and burdens private property and exchange without compelling justification.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "431c3318affe0b1e0948b76051703e9160b5c9805e8d5db0baabdd7fbefca8a4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:07.895507+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:45:59.359604+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 55 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/55" }, { "grade_id": 56, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/56", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-16924", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14343", "measure_title": "Further Exclusions From the Federal Labor- Management Relations Program", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-16924", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/03/2025-16924/further-exclusions-from-the-federal-labor--management-relations-program", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional management of the federal workforce under delegated authority. The President has Article II plus statutory power to make these exclusions, with no Bill of Rights violation or taking. Grade is B rather than A because labeling patent, weather, hydropower, and space agencies as primarily intelligence/national security stretches the statutory test and creates fixable tension with association interests.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "afe2a0cec1f72c057d1d4be211d77ce80654faa5e6d2f708b28fa74b416015e8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:08.484192+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:46:15.948278+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 56 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/56" }, { "grade_id": 57, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/57", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-16928", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14344", "measure_title": "Making Federal Architecture Beautiful Again", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-16928", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/03/2025-16928/making-federal-architecture-beautiful-again", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14344 directs classical and traditional styles as preferred for future federal buildings. It rests on clear federal-property authority, compels no private party, takes no property, restricts no speech or belief, and does not centralize power beyond the inherently federal function of building federal courthouses and headquarters.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "92e2b7c8b9eb4753af40d3b58fb5ae4eb28ce222ada19968628de27dfb5f2c00", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:08.195677+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:46:27.636481+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 57 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/57" }, { "grade_id": 58, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/58", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-16614", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14339", "measure_title": "Additional Measures To Address the Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-16614", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/28/2025-16614/additional-measures-to-address-the-crime-emergency-in-the-district-of-columbia", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "D.C.-focused enforcement, prosecution, and federal-property measures rest on solid District Clause and Article II authority, but creation of federally controlled units expressly intended for other cities and a standing nationwide Guard quick-reaction force exceeds enumerated federal policing power and consolidates local policing upward without Tenth Amendment justification. No direct Bill of Rights, sovereignty, or takings violation is ordered, so structural rewrite limiting scope to the District and lawful activation authorities would cure the defect.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0a3e97ed3943d3c5f122198d89e733c29df50250a4951e892b192d8624066801", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:09.678109+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:46:57.594180+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 58 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/58" }, { "grade_id": 59, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/59", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-16615", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14340", "measure_title": "Measures To End Cashless Bail and Enforce the Law in the District of Columbia", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-16615", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/28/2025-16615/measures-to-end-cashless-bail-and-enforce-the-law-in-the-district-of-columbia", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This SI grade finds Executive Order 14340 constitutionally grounded in federal District authority but requiring lawful execution. Congress has exclusive power over the District and the order stays within applicable law, targeting dangerous pretrial release during a declared crime emergency. It earns B because text avoids direct rights denial, while federal workaround detention and funding leverage need individualized judicial process to avoid Eighth Amendment and due process problems.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "38b8c660efe42c7df6c54616a7427e30dba1266b7dbde139a1b8962bce6a4e57", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:09.385397+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:47:15.935228+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 59 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/59" }, { "grade_id": 60, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/60", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-16616", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14341", "measure_title": "Prosecuting Burning of the American Flag", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-16616", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/28/2025-16616/prosecuting-burning-of-the-american-flag", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order avoids creating a new federal flag-burning crime and channels ordinary offenses to state and local law, but its directive to target protected symbolic speech for prioritized prosecution and visa or removal consequences violates First Amendment and individual sovereignty principles, requiring rewrite to remove expression-triggered penalties.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0d39b8f4cfc95be5300774fc5e33b2662a9abcbe4e698657ba7c0de8ab5c8ae2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:09.093067+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:47:48.419576+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 60 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/60" }, { "grade_id": 61, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/61", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-16618", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14342", "measure_title": "Taking Steps To End Cashless Bail To Protect Americans", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-16618", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/28/2025-16618/taking-steps-to-end-cashless-bail-to-protect-americans", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order 14342 directs a list of cashless-bail jurisdictions and review of federal funds for possible suspension, while stating all action must stay consistent with law. It asserts no direct federal control of bail, creating no immediate Bill of Rights or due process breach, but it uses federal leverage over a core Tenth Amendment state police power, creating federalism tension that keeps it from full constitutional soundness.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c769844e5747832e95c62107eb90f3cdbbd4bb35099935ae63aa26fa579ea0d7", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:08.791859+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:48:04.078165+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 61 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/61" }, { "grade_id": 62, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/62", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-16396", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14338", "measure_title": "Improving Our Nation Through Better Design", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-16396", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/26/2025-16396/improving-our-nation-through-better-design", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14338 is an internal executive-branch management directive to improve usability of existing federal digital and physical services, coordinated through a temporary advisory studio. It claims no new power over citizens or states, restricts no rights, imposes no mandates, and takes no property.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "18b1cd43d5e99e8e5e4bcbdc9fc166533895dbd4d1520a292390ed49ad653046", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:09.979442+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:48:14.794202+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 62 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/62" }, { "grade_id": 63, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/63", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15822", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14335", "measure_title": "Enabling Competition in the Commercial Space Industry", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15822", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/19/2025-15822/enabling-competition-in-the-commercial-space-industry", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds Executive Order 14335 is a deregulatory executive supervision measure that uses existing statutory authority to expedite commercial space licensing and spaceport review, with no rights infringement, no new federal power claim, and no due process or takings issue.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7b334826a51c5d6918cfbd65ebca3c37aacb49a993b270971dc516b76377c7b0", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:10.878095+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:48:31.829361+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 63 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/63" }, { "grade_id": 64, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/64", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15823", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14336", "measure_title": "Ensuring American Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Resilience by Filling the Strategic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Reserve", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15823", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/19/2025-15823/ensuring-american-pharmaceutical-supply-chain-resilience-by-filling-the-strategic-active", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal stockpiling of active pharmaceutical ingredients for 26 critical drugs and essential medicines, using existing funds and domestic preference, is a lawful executive preparedness action. It stays within appropriated authority, infringes no rights, compels no private conduct, and addresses a national supply-chain vulnerability states and individuals cannot solve alone.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0e887c00326e73a765f1ade80a848d226c25ed3420ab8c4847c4058cbaa08f3f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:10.578245+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:48:54.992453+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 64 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/64" }, { "grade_id": 65, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/65", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15824", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14337", "measure_title": "Revocation of Executive Order on Competition", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15824", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/19/2025-15824/revocation-of-executive-order-on-competition", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14337 only revokes a prior executive order and preserves existing statutory authority. It claims no new power, restricts no rights, takes no property, and reduces centralized executive direction, making it fully consistent with the Constitution. The SI review finds no violation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "431ca88fe107b8ba2053f44a66f28c60f0c13b39d87d0c4b125202d4dd7705c8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:10.273016+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:49:06.171098+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 65 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/65" }, { "grade_id": 66, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/66", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15550", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14333", "measure_title": "Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15550", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/14/2025-15550/declaring-a-crime-emergency-in-the-district-of-columbia", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14333 is constitutionally sound on its face. Congress has exclusive power over the District under Article I, Section 8, Clause 17, and authorized this exact emergency Federal-purpose use in section 740 of the Home Rule Act. The order stays within that grant, infringes no enumerated or unenumerated right in the Bill of Rights, and imposes no personal mandate or taking. SI analysis finds no structural defect requiring rewrite; as-applied conduct must still comply with the First, Fourth, and Fifth Amendments.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "75d499ceebacb7f8c8cd1a68d4a67efaa80581932bf491489df993be6b5bbbd0", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:11.456265+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:49:39.489586+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 66 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/66" }, { "grade_id": 67, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/67", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15554", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14334", "measure_title": "Further Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Ongoing Discussions With the People's Republic of China", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15554", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/14/2025-15554/further-modifying-reciprocal-tariff-rates-to-reflect-ongoing-discussions-with-the-peoples-republic", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "EO 14334 continues a temporary suspension of country-specific tariffs during negotiations, a function that is properly national and procedurally noticed, with no direct Bill of Rights or takings violation. The constitutional defect is separation of powers: tariffs belong to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3, and reliance on emergency powers to set tariff rates exceeds enumerated executive authority and burdens private exchange, requiring legislative action instead.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f815a22c9f6ce427f91d1307868885733d331be16a06a3717235b58e7f58a9a1", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:11.168229+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:50:12.998188+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 67 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/67" }, { "grade_id": 68, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/68", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15340", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14330", "measure_title": "Democratizing Access to Alternative Assets for 401(k) Investors", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15340", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/12/2025-15340/democratizing-access-to-alternative-assets-for-401k-investors", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14330 is a deregulatory clarification directive within existing ERISA authority. It mandates no investment, bans no asset, takes no property, and infringes no enumerated right, while returning greater choice to fiduciaries and participants.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4f9bdc596f607339c5f58a3874f7670d423b64907f425409819bc9b12ae36c4d", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:12.329748+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:50:27.401343+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 68 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/68" }, { "grade_id": 69, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/69", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15341", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14331", "measure_title": "Guaranteeing Fair Banking for All Americans", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15341", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/12/2025-15341/guaranteeing-fair-banking-for-all-americans", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order uses lawful executive supervision to end viewpoint-based debanking and return decisions to objective risk criteria, strengthening First Amendment and Fifth Amendment protections without expanding federal power or imposing new burdens.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "54c4765760ecb5a685f47358b6e385b7ece516a731483596069ae5194bd400bc", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:12.042609+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:51:00.472037+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 69 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/69" }, { "grade_id": 70, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/70", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15344", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14332", "measure_title": "Improving Oversight of Federal Grantmaking", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15344", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/12/2025-15344/improving-oversight-of-federal-grantmaking", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14332 is an internal management directive for federal grant review under Article II executive authority. It restricts no private right, seizes no property, denies no hearing, and transfers no power to a higher level. Any policy disagreement over described past grants does not create a constitutional defect.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "bd399a3f0a89c6a3bdd2985b4d4a0f097e8c6d5255c284775ab396c0ed2102a4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:11.749493+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:51:14.867173+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 70 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/70" }, { "grade_id": 71, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/71", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15267", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14329", "measure_title": "Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of the Russian Federation", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15267", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/11/2025-15267/addressing-threats-to-the-united-states-by-the-government-of-the-russian-federation", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "EO 14329 imposes a prospective 25 percent duty on Indian goods because India buys Russian oil, using congressionally delegated emergency and tariff authority to address a declared foreign threat. The action sits within federal foreign-commerce and executive power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, respects prospective notice, and operates at the only level that can conduct foreign policy. Broad modification and monitoring discretion using senior-official findings creates minor delegation tension, so the Order is mostly sound rather than perfect.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7767639184599a78d9cc21300124b1ee5e3b86d29ed63a85d0619d151d816460", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:12.624156+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:51:30.400789+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 71 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/71" }, { "grade_id": 72, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/72", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15193", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14328", "measure_title": "Establishing the White House Task Force on the 2028 Summer Olympics", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15193", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/08/2025-15193/establishing-the-white-house-task-force-on-the-2028-summer-olympics", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14328 creates a time-limited coordinating Task Force for inherently federal Olympics functions including borders, visas, security and interstate transport, without restricting rights, seizing property, or claiming new power. SI review finds it within executive and federal authority and structurally decentralized.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "66ac4c16803843c409086459250a3caf033cc6c6485dd4f0741c6d091b7bdb75", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:12.928363+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:51:44.997302+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 72 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/72" }, { "grade_id": 73, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/73", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-14999", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14325", "measure_title": "Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-14999", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/06/2025-14999/amendment-to-duties-to-address-the-flow-of-illicit-drugs-across-our-northern-border", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "A border fentanyl emergency and foreign-commerce regulation are a legitimate federal concern, and the order does not directly violate the Bill of Rights. It is graded C because raising and restructuring tariff duties by executive order stretches Article I congressional taxing and commerce powers beyond clear delegation, while the transshipment penalty with barred mitigation creates due process and excessive-fine risk. Those defects require a congressional tariff authorization and individualized penalty review.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "61eca81b7719901d9f0d6cc43f63bc6b69bfe63419a1fefee350c93e4a228cf0", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:13.870666+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:52:11.311349+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 73 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/73" }, { "grade_id": 74, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/74", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15010", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14326", "measure_title": "Further Modifying the Reciprocal Tariff Rates", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15010", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/06/2025-15010/further-modifying-the-reciprocal-tariff-rates", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI analysis grades this executive tariff order D: tariff authority belongs to Congress under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3, and unilateral executive rate-setting under IEEPA exceeds presidential power and consolidates federal executive control, burdening individual property and contract liberty without adequate constitutional justification.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "bdd65258b3caa092d9aa33458021c273789072c56ffabff3674a28d5a8ea33f5", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:13.557619+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:52:40.141312+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 74 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/74" }, { "grade_id": 75, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/75", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-15011", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14327", "measure_title": "President's Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition, and the Reestablishment of the Presidential Fitness Test", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-15011", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/06/2025-15011/presidents-council-on-sports-fitness-and-nutrition-and-the-reestablishment-of-the-presidential", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Advisory reestablishment of a fitness council and voluntary Presidential Fitness Test under presidential Article II management authority, with no mandate, prohibition, surveillance, or taking. Minor federal-voice overlap with traditionally local physical education, but no compulsion or preemption.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "2795afbb753ff8bc9086c109b73c4e687dac51be01084e35806aecf5499aa0bb", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:13.221068+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:52:54.699636+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 75 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/75" }, { "grade_id": 76, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/76", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-14896", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14323", "measure_title": "Addressing Threats to the United States by the Government of Brazil", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-14896", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/05/2025-14896/addressing-threats-to-the-united-states-by-the-government-of-brazil", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal border and foreign-policy response with a cited statutory basis that protects rather than restricts domestic expression; minor tension only from broad emergency-duty delegation and incidental consumer cost. No direct rights violation found by this SI review.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9e64371233edca6280ef45bbaa3f4b1ae495e90aeaafed2adab0a88f51e5b176", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:14.753100+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:53:10.139535+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 76 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/76" }, { "grade_id": 77, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/77", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-14897", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14324", "measure_title": "Suspending Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-14897", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/05/2025-14897/suspending-duty-free-de-minimis-treatment-for-all-countries", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Ending global de minimis duty-free treatment operates in an inherently federal customs domain with no direct Bill of Rights or takings violation, but imposing worldwide duties by executive emergency declaration usurps Congress's Article I, Section 8 power over duties and foreign commerce without clear bounded authority, requiring congressional action.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f7230690a513fb1e9a4fce9d9e31e81db75d317d8e206cdbdcaa67e227f9c087", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:14.238654+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:53:37.990961+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 77 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/77" }, { "grade_id": 78, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/78", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-14391", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14321", "measure_title": "Ending Crime and Disorder on America's Streets", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-14391", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/29/2025-14391/ending-crime-and-disorder-on-americas-streets", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 0, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "Executive Order 14321 uses federal spending leverage and Justice Department litigation to push States and cities toward broader involuntary commitment, institutional treatment, and street-enforcement policies. While protecting public safety and redirecting failed programs are legitimate ends under the Spending Clause and Take Care Clause, the means intrude on Tenth Amendment police powers, encourage liberty deprivations without stated Fifth, Fourteenth, Fourth and Eighth Amendment safeguards, and consolidate local policing choices at the federal level. The defects require structural rewrite with explicit due-process protections and non-coercive grant design.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d1bde6fa22fc60faebbe183b07b033d361a255b7c15a896a9171f470c6447a9a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:15.400953+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:54:15.221074+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 78 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/78" }, { "grade_id": 79, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/79", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-14392", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14322", "measure_title": "Saving College Sports", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-14392", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/29/2025-14392/saving-college-sports", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 0, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "SI review: an executive order cannot federally dictate university scholarship levels, roster management, and private NIL compensation without congressional authority, and its proposed ban on third-party payments infringes speech, contract, labor sovereignty, State control of education, and due process. Policy goals for college sports do not supply enumerated power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6559c96bb2a167e251c53d8af4a1c408f95915c763a0b80526cfb8b7de15b4ea", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:15.046065+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:54:30.657913+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 79 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/79" }, { "grade_id": 80, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/80", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-14212", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14318", "measure_title": "Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-14212", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/28/2025-14212/accelerating-federal-permitting-of-data-center-infrastructure", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14318 is a supervision-of-the-executive-branch permitting order grounded in existing statutes and federal property authority. It infringes no enumerated right, takes no property, and imposes no personal mandate. Minor constitutional tension remains because tax incentives and spending require Congress under Article I, Section 8, so Section 3 must be read as using only existing appropriated SI support programs. With that limitation, the order is mostly sound and fixable through congressional authorization where new funds are needed.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e5df6326116c9e3a6145d438a37286ed40a1aab86a199d0f8fc98e291803a780", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:16.581530+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:54:46.931665+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 80 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/80" }, { "grade_id": 81, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/81", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-14217", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14319", "measure_title": "Preventing Woke AI in the Federal Government", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-14217", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/28/2025-14217/preventing-woke-ai-in-the-federal-government", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14319 is a constitutional exercise of presidential procurement authority. It sets truth-seeking and neutrality standards only for large language models the federal government buys for its own use, leaves the private market unregulated, and includes cure, transparency, and legal-compliance safeguards. No enumerated-power overreach, rights infringement, sovereignty restriction, decentralization harm, or due process taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d8850a12acfafde61119b4917bebbef5ea82e45fb9acfa718ba5921958e80955", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:16.201216+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:55:02.816208+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 81 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/81" }, { "grade_id": 82, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/82", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-14218", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14320", "measure_title": "Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-14218", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/28/2025-14218/promoting-the-export-of-the-american-ai-technology-stack", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14320 coordinates foreign promotion of United States-origin full-stack artificial intelligence packages through voluntary industry proposals, diplomacy, and existing federal financing authorities, subject to applicable law and appropriations. It rests on federal foreign commerce and executive foreign-affairs powers, imposes no domestic mandate, search, speech restriction, taking, or denial of due process, and leaves domestic authority decentralized.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "2edf403c18da05a66068226b2ec59bf31359c0404a35ece41d0c271cf3917254", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:15.852605+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:55:29.173796+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 82 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/82" }, { "grade_id": 83, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/83", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-13925", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14317", "measure_title": "Creating Schedule G in the Excepted Service", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-13925", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/23/2025-13925/creating-schedule-g-in-the-excepted-service", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14317 is a routine Article II personnel administration action authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3301-3302. It creates Schedule G for noncareer federal policy-making roles, prohibits political-affiliation discrimination, takes no property, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, and consolidates no lower-level power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "16b3a92b030030eb833065962302bdd3fc5488693bcaa1df1bf04f917f6c786e", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:16.912097+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:55:42.112991+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 83 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/83" }, { "grade_id": 84, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/84", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-12961", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14315", "measure_title": "Ending Market Distorting Subsidies for Unreliable, Foreign-Controlled Energy Sources", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-12961", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/10/2025-12961/ending-market-distorting-subsidies-for-unreliable-foreign-controlled-energy-sources", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14315 directs Treasury and Interior to faithfully implement a federal statute ending specified clean-electricity tax benefits and preferential treatment. It exercises lawful Article II execution of Article I taxing power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual sovereignty by removing market distortions, respects federalism, and effects no taking without due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a83c7058d28f824495eaee7bdee6849eb0ae931cc6ce7dcd511115c3c7272902", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:17.529298+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:55:55.758719+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 84 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/84" }, { "grade_id": 85, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/85", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-12962", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14316", "measure_title": "Extending the Modification of the Reciprocal Tariff Rates", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-12962", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/10/2025-12962/extending-the-modification-of-the-reciprocal-tariff-rates", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "EO 14316 temporarily extends a tariff suspension, reducing immediate harm, but it perpetuates a constitutionally defective structure where the executive sets and revises import duties that Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3 reserve to Congress. No direct Bill of Rights violation or taking occurs, yet federal executive consolidation of the taxing and foreign-commerce power requires congressional reauthorization with clear limits.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "040908e955efb8cf04aa93c752100a9d6aef3ce1d4f7d210ed33dfecc4dde69b", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:17.208252+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:56:29.979196+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 85 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/85" }, { "grade_id": 86, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/86", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-12774", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14313", "measure_title": "Establishing the President's Make America Beautiful Again Commission", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-12774", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/09/2025-12774/establishing-the-presidents-make-america-beautiful-again-commission", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14313 creates a purely advisory commission to coordinate stewardship of existing federal lands and expand public recreational access, using lawful executive direction under Article II and the Property Clause in Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2. It regulates no person, restricts no right, seizes no property, orders no enforcement, and preserves existing law and appropriations limits. Constitutionally sound.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d4ac04f6d95ecf49a1e3b012503d2114635c723a18b180a000ff261c8d1108bf", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:18.109317+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:56:43.097592+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 86 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/86" }, { "grade_id": 87, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/87", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-12775", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14314", "measure_title": "Making America Beautiful Again by Improving Our National Parks", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-12775", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/09/2025-12775/making-america-beautiful-again-by-improving-our-national-parks", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14314 directs stewardship of existing federal parks under the Property Clause and faithful execution of park statutes, raises voluntary nonresident fees to fund maintenance, favors resident access, and revokes a prior memorandum without infringing speech, due process, property, or sovereignty interests. Constitutionally sound federal property management.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c78dc511124c0d1f12accee672242f17cab3b3d45c81c4db09992834349ef101", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:17.820244+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:57:09.324851+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 87 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/87" }, { "grade_id": 88, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/88", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-12505", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14311", "measure_title": "Establishing a White House Office for Special Peace Missions", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-12505", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/03/2025-12505/establishing-a-white-house-office-for-special-peace-missions", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14311 creates an internal White House advisory and coordination office for foreign peace efforts under the President's Article II authority. It regulates no private conduct, infringes no rights, takes no property, and properly operates at the federal level for foreign affairs. Constitutional on all five checks.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1428a8b5b31382afffc7055d109c0bcb8918234cbb39197185b6e79c0a962fc2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:18.873369+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:57:44.543191+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 88 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/88" }, { "grade_id": 89, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/89", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-12506", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14312", "measure_title": "Providing for the Revocation of Syria Sanctions", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-12506", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/03/2025-12506/providing-for-the-revocation-of-syria-sanctions", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14312 is constitutional. It terminates a national emergency and revokes broad Syria sanctions within clear Article II and congressionally delegated authority, restores private property and transactional liberty, preserves due process for prior actions, operates at the only appropriate (federal) level for foreign policy, and narrows retained coercion to individually-determined perpetrators. It reduces federal power rather than expanding it.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "dc3611d8726edd4564e54ca6bc83b8f7fbc7583d73975991c804283154e7e4b4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:18.550789+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:58:02.820985+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 89 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/89" }, { "grade_id": 90, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/90", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-11682", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14310", "measure_title": "Further Extending the TikTok Enforcement Delay", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-11682", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/24/2025-11682/further-extending-the-tiktok-enforcement-delay", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "SI assessment: the order suspends a statute by executive directive, violating the Take Care duty and separation of powers, and purports to grant retroactive immunity and block State action by letter. While it does not itself censor users, executive suspension of valid law plus centralization of enforcement authority is likely unconstitutional and requires Congress to amend the Act if delay is wanted.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "33032030e46ae6b62bd368dfac7e4be992d32023f77db3dbda9a72ecdca1a70b", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:19.191137+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:58:22.163044+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 90 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/90" }, { "grade_id": 91, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/91", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-11473", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14309", "measure_title": "Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-11473", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/23/2025-11473/implementing-the-general-terms-of-the-united-states-of-america-united-kingdom-economic-prosperity", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "A delegated trade implementation within the federal foreign-commerce domain that lowers selected duties and sets quotas by published rule, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no upward consolidation; the sole tension is reliance on broad delegated emergency tariff authority.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "2a150e3c29f7df4b3aa420b47eeaae490bde0c7005c989cb6b9415638011bf57", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:19.499620+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:58:38.975167+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 91 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/91" }, { "grade_id": 92, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/92", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-11358", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14308", "measure_title": "Empowering Commonsense Wildfire Prevention and Response", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-11358", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/18/2025-11358/empowering-commonsense-wildfire-prevention-and-response", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order stays inside federal stewardship of federal ground and executive supervision, expands state, tribal and community control, removes regulatory burdens, and imposes no rights limits, coercion, process denial or property transfer.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d05c1c2265ad1ccb4f8fadc7de230dafb90c962c91421c91132d3372b0323318", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:20.036025+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:59:12.198198+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 92 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/92" }, { "grade_id": 93, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/93", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-10800", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14304", "measure_title": "Leading the World in Supersonic Flight", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-10800", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/11/2025-10800/leading-the-world-in-supersonic-flight", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds Executive Order 14304 constitutional: it acts within established commerce and executive authority to repeal an overland supersonic ban and replace it with data-driven noise certification, with no rights infringement, no taking, and appropriate federal handling of national airspace.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3498ca39847ec146052a4e57d4fd07afdd0b217dc897478a7fd008e5a6913456", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:21.207849+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:59:25.767018+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 93 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/93" }, { "grade_id": 94, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/94", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-10803", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14305", "measure_title": "Restoring American Airspace Sovereignty", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-10803", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/11/2025-10803/restoring-american-airspace-sovereignty", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "EO 14305 stays within presidential execution of existing aviation, border, and defense laws and targets genuine threats to safety and sovereignty. It orders rulemaking, coordination, and lawful enforcement rather than creating new crimes or seizures. The only cautions are warrantless remote-ID data sharing and expanded detection that need strong minimization safeguards, warranting a B: mostly sound with fixable privacy tension.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7c3a670eeeb1d4175ff20ec1ee8a9390f57f107ff4bb8dd2debec6307033fc8a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:20.911938+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:59:41.858669+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 94 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/94" }, { "grade_id": 95, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/95", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-10804", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14306", "measure_title": "Sustaining Select Efforts To Strengthen the Nation's Cybersecurity and Amending Executive Order 13694 and Executive Order 14144", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-10804", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/11/2025-10804/sustaining-select-efforts-to-strengthen-the-nations-cybersecurity-and-amending-executive-order-13694", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14306 narrows prior orders and directs federal agencies to strengthen federal cybersecurity through NIST guidance, patch standards, post-quantum cryptography planning, and defense research sharing. It stays within presidential management of federal systems and foreign-threat defense, imposes no speech, arms, search, due process, or property taking burden, and does not centralize state or private functions. Constitutional with no material tension.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0f17cd832165a9daf0d7075d13c82e73366dfb02dd1ee87740dd896071c74f88", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:20.620707+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T00:59:59.490806+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 95 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/95" }, { "grade_id": 96, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/96", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-10814", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14307", "measure_title": "Unleashing American Drone Dominance", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-10814", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/06/11/2025-10814/unleashing-american-drone-dominance", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14307 directs existing aviation agencies to integrate drones and electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing aircraft into the National Airspace System through rulemaking, test ranges, pilot partnerships with states and localities, and export support. It rests on established Commerce Clause and executive authority, creates no rights restriction, surveillance program, or taking, and preserves state and local participation. SI review finds it constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7db51026ec51c47432411db481e675ad43cdffea989356f55c487d2940e81f93", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:20.330712+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:00:13.224858+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 96 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/96" }, { "grade_id": 97, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/97", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-09796", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14299", "measure_title": "Deploying Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies for National Security", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-09796", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/29/2025-09796/deploying-advanced-nuclear-reactor-technologies-for-national-security", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional deployment of federal defense authority to federal property: Commander in Chief and federal property powers support reactors on military and energy department sites, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no improper centralization.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "043177293bc50ba40de5cb860166c7d2c5ca6301ee309a2bf0b676d83936f484", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:22.669219+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:00:52.233001+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 97 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/97" }, { "grade_id": 98, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/98", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-09798", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14300", "measure_title": "Ordering the Reform of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-09798", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/29/2025-09798/ordering-the-reform-of-the-nuclear-regulatory-commission", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14300 directs reform, reorganization, and timed rulemaking for the existing federal nuclear licensing regime without restricting rights, taking property, bypassing due process, or claiming new federal subject-matter power. Residual separation-of-powers tension over presidential direction of an independent commission is contained by the order's consistent-with-statute and rulemaking safeguards, leaving it constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f28121b52bae992fa4bb7f4fa582525e4be35d26d91b8d382ac3cf5bdc30398a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:22.378849+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:01:11.727990+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 98 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/98" }, { "grade_id": 99, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/99", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-09799", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14301", "measure_title": "Reforming Nuclear Reactor Testing at the Department of Energy", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-09799", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/29/2025-09799/reforming-nuclear-reactor-testing-at-the-department-of-energy", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14301 is an intra-executive management directive to expedite research reactor testing on federal property under existing statutory authority. It infringes no rights, takes no property, restricts no individual liberty, and does not expand federal jurisdiction beyond Department facilities. Constitutionally sound superintelligence-assisted review finds no violation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "179f787961f723b4f563076c1bd570aaeac1f389f1a376a000597b00d1d3dd00", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:22.085696+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:01:32.680915+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 99 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/99" }, { "grade_id": 100, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/100", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-09801", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14302", "measure_title": "Reinvigorating the Nuclear Industrial Base", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-09801", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/29/2025-09801/reinvigorating-the-nuclear-industrial-base", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14302 directs agencies to plan fuel-cycle, enrichment, licensing, and workforce steps for nuclear energy and national security, using existing statutory authority and voluntary agreements. It restricts no protected liberty, orders no seizure without process, and stays within the long-established federal nuclear and defense role while leaving legislation to Congress.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "dd8c712103a821cf27aa27f40e87617b7ec04f7ea061bbd5b5e974d5fd45a9ef", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:21.796681+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:02:26.602322+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 100 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/100" }, { "grade_id": 101, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/101", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-09802", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14303", "measure_title": "Restoring Gold Standard Science", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-09802", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/29/2025-09802/restoring-gold-standard-science", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14303 is internal executive-branch management requiring Gold Standard Science - reproducible, transparent, uncertainty-disclosing research - for federal decisions. Grounded in Article II executive authority, it restricts no rights, takes no property, denies no hearing, and adds no federal power over states or individuals. SI review finds it fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "df56d97808e3175384cb5d316782b2d3308bcea943a833ed8a1ef06ae72d8e5a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:21.505148+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:02:59.702648+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 101 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/101" }, { "grade_id": 102, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/102", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-08876", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14297", "measure_title": "Delivering Most-Favored-Nation Prescription Drug Pricing to American Patients", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-08876", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/15/2025-08876/delivering-most-favored-nation-prescription-drug-pricing-to-american-patients", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14297 is principally a directive to federal officers to communicate price targets, use existing import, antitrust, and approval statutes, and confront foreign price suppression. It claims no new legislative power, infringes no enumerated right, compels no individual conduct, stays at the federal level only where foreign trade and interstate commerce require it, and defers takings and process questions to future lawful proceedings. Residual risk is in threatened future rulemaking and approval review, which must respect statute and due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0213468ab288701ac070e09d9942c33af6a293b95f01990fc7622e33f37bd7a8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:23.265829+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:03:18.097544+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 102 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/102" }, { "grade_id": 103, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/103", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-09297", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14298", "measure_title": "Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Discussions With the People's Republic of China", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-09297", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/21/2025-09297/modifying-reciprocal-tariff-rates-to-reflect-discussions-with-the-peoples-republic-of-china", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 0, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "This executive tariff order reduces rates but continues an executive-imposed reciprocal tariff regime. Congress holds the tariff and foreign-commerce powers, and persistent deficits do not establish an emergency permitting the President to set general duties. That separation-of-powers overstep, combined with broad burdens on private import and contract liberty without individualized process, makes the action likely unconstitutional in its mechanism even though lower rates lessen harm.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "67e9261585a78ee8c7ad5727bef6719cb851cab5649f8f01102332d9c3744c6f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:22.971104+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:03:34.448196+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 103 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/103" }, { "grade_id": 104, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/104", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-08681", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14294", "measure_title": "Fighting Overcriminalization in Federal Regulations", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-08681", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/14/2025-08681/fighting-overcriminalization-in-federal-regulations", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order 14294 is constitutional. It uses lawful executive control to curb strict responsibility regulatory crime, order clear notice, mens rea, public lists, restraint in prosecution. It protects Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth Amendment rights and respect for Tenth Amendment limits.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0897a1840bf7f919e8bca1febd5e9727c4ab4ef9a6896a27e23622c7095ad336", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:24.145860+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:03:53.871445+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 104 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/104" }, { "grade_id": 105, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/105", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-08682", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14295", "measure_title": "Increasing Efficiency at the Office of the Federal Register", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-08682", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/14/2025-08682/increasing-efficiency-at-the-office-of-the-federal-register", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Internal executive housekeeping order within clear Article II authority. It speeds publication, modernizes systems, and ties fees to actual cost, with no rights restriction, no power grab, and no due process or property taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e6e114a01310595ead59b54a1303380b6a81b34aeac37e745b1c8ec292dac56f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:23.854448+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:04:06.521792+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 105 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/105" }, { "grade_id": 106, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/106", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-08683", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14296", "measure_title": "Keeping Promises to Veterans and Establishing a National Center for Warrior Independence", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-08683", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/14/2025-08683/keeping-promises-to-veterans-and-establishing-a-national-center-for-warrior-independence", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14296 directs existing federal agencies to use existing federal VA property and veterans-benefits authorities to house and serve homeless veterans voluntarily, subject to applicable law and appropriations. It cites no new federal police power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, compels no individual conduct, retains personnel due-process protections, and does not centralize power over states. Minor funding-redirection language is cured by the savings clauses.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5c5f98c34c7786145abba3a21a398a8e1715c56e847422a959460498578b37e9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:23.557573+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:04:22.747209+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 106 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/106" }, { "grade_id": 107, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/107", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-08266", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14292", "measure_title": "Improving the Safety and Security of Biological Research", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-08266", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/08/2025-08266/improving-the-safety-and-security-of-biological-research", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14292 operates as a funding and oversight directive within presidential and spending powers to pause federal support for high-risk pathogen work abroad and tighten biosafety review. It imposes no direct ban on private speech or domestic private research and defers any broader authority to Congress, leaving only minor scope-definition work for the implementing policy.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1c05356e4ea37c0053053d7c421b7b1c4831fdd96126c4edffddee8c560e86e8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:24.748661+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:04:40.875727+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 107 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/107" }, { "grade_id": 108, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/108", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-08267", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14293", "measure_title": "Regulatory Relief To Promote Domestic Production of Critical Medicines", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-08267", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/08/2025-08267/regulatory-relief-to-promote-domestic-production-of-critical-medicines", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14293 is a lawful deregulatory coordination directive within existing statutory authority over interstate and foreign drug commerce. It removes barriers, speeds review, and centralizes permit coordination without infringing rights, restricting personal sovereignty, seizing property, or usurping legislative power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1b2b2ca346a9b367c9ed4ad1cc1bfae172f218f05ba717f013950b9daf617486", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:24.457474+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:04:53.666346+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 108 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/108" }, { "grade_id": 109, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/109", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-08133", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14290", "measure_title": "Ending Taxpayer Subsidization of Biased Media", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-08133", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/07/2025-08133/ending-taxpayer-subsidization-of-biased-media", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order removes federal subsidy rather than banning speech, so individual liberty and decentralization pass, and it preserves legal compliance procedures for due process. It fails on two structural grounds: the President claims power to zero-out congressionally appropriated public-broadcasting funds, violating separation of powers and the Appropriations Clause, and it targets named press entities for alleged bias, creating significant First Amendment viewpoint-discrimination risk that requires a neutral, Congress-led rewrite. Analysis prepared with superintelligence-assisted review (SI).", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5048b7980017169410608153ba8f8e8619744d657e44ee989cf7a8c43553f891", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:25.340375+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:05:48.282385+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 109 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/109" }, { "grade_id": 110, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/110", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-08134", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14291", "measure_title": "Establishment of the Religious Liberty Commission", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-08134", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/07/2025-08134/establishment-of-the-religious-liberty-commission", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Advisory commission with fixed term that studies and reports on First Amendment religious liberty and recommends executive or legislative steps, imposing no mandate, penalty, taking, or speech restriction.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "fba5c1001f97ad4b2e8ffacde48596d61654e7b44a0361dac3cac4897fe61a40", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:25.039341+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:06:02.662143+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 110 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/110" }, { "grade_id": 111, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/111", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07835", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14289", "measure_title": "Addressing Certain Tariffs on Imported Articles", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07835", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/02/2025-07835/addressing-certain-tariffs-on-imported-articles", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14289 reduces government burden by preventing overlapping auto, border-emergency, steel, and aluminum tariffs from stacking on the same article. It creates no new duty, infringes no enumerated right, takes no property, and operates in the inherently federal field of foreign commerce. Any concern about the broader emergency-tariff regime is mitigated, not worsened, by this order.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "aa64ceb795a54b2ac99e42cd7511e9d575f9c8eafcc5da8976b9dcf9e45a8413", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:25.633573+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:06:47.568345+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 111 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/111" }, { "grade_id": 112, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/112", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07786", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14286", "measure_title": "Enforcing Commonsense Rules of the Road for America's Truck Drivers", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07786", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/02/2025-07786/enforcing-commonsense-rules-of-the-road-for-americas-truck-drivers", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14286 enforces a pre-existing federal commercial-driver safety qualification for interstate trucking, grounded in the Commerce Clause and the duty to execute the laws. It imposes no new speech ban, no search expansion, and no property taking, and federal minimum standards are the minimum level capable of securing safety on the national highway system.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "bc465f69d2cfc404b39503e6a0da5de7781b2b5df18595c29d8be7382ae1900e", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:26.501770+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:07:11.378853+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 112 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/112" }, { "grade_id": 113, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/113", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07789", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14287", "measure_title": "Protecting American Communities From Criminal Aliens", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07789", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/02/2025-07789/protecting-american-communities-from-criminal-aliens", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "SI review finds federal immigration enforcement is an enumerated federal function, and the order may lawfully enforce federal law with federal resources. It loses constitutional soundness because the sanctuary designation plus open-ended funding suspension and enforcement threat press states to carry out federal policy, implicating Tenth Amendment anti-commandeering and Spending Clause limits, and because designation lacks defined standards and hearing before funds are cut, violating Fifth Amendment procedural due process. Narrow definitions, clear statutory funding nexus, and notice plus hearing would be required to raise the grade.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0373b08694c85c0cd0e1c2e9473a414cc9f57907d2019cd8dfe25f84c49353e1", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:26.217117+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:07:38.149878+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 113 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/113" }, { "grade_id": 114, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/114", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07790", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14288", "measure_title": "Strengthening and Unleashing America's Law Enforcement To Pursue Criminals and Protect Innocent Citizens", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07790", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/02/2025-07790/strengthening-and-unleashing-americas-law-enforcement-to-pursue-criminals-and-protect-innocent", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 1, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14288 pursues legitimate public-safety goals but uses federal executive power to direct reserved state and local policing, expand military involvement in domestic law enforcement, and pressure state officials, exceeding enumerated presidential authority and centralizing control in violation of federalism and the Tenth Amendment, with added First and Fourth Amendment and liberty risks requiring structural narrowing.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0e9f1ec4400552b02812fdec7afd494e60d8e2363df2e2e8d0e2068d4efa65ab", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:25.926139+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:08:29.627051+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 114 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/114" }, { "grade_id": 115, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/115", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07469", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14284", "measure_title": "Strengthening Probationary Periods in the Federal Service", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07469", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/29/2025-07469/strengthening-probationary-periods-in-the-federal-service", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14284 is internal executive workforce management under Article II, with SI review finding no rights infringement, no taking, and no power overreach. Federal level is the proper level for federal hiring rules.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "ed263589d2fc3bd76b31e7aa72a64f4918765c4b30c093af30a8314cbe7bac0f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:27.102067+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:08:45.140046+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 115 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/115" }, { "grade_id": 116, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/116", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07470", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14285", "measure_title": "Unleashing America's Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07470", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/29/2025-07470/unleashing-americas-offshore-critical-minerals-and-resources", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14285 directs federal agencies to execute existing seabed-mineral and continental-shelf laws, expedite permitting consistent with applicable law, map resources, and coordinate with allies for supply-chain security. It stays within Article II execution, Article I commerce and property powers, infringes no Bill of Rights protections, and federal action is the minimum necessary level for offshore and international seabed areas. SI review finds no constitutional defect.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "8d5e995b5c80b3fad6b551ee60bd683a50d0c0e7f03dfe5620ca75f9e4aaa995", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:26.794211+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:08:58.391624+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 116 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/116" }, { "grade_id": 117, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/117", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07368", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14277", "measure_title": "Advancing Artificial Intelligence Education for American Youth", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07368", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/28/2025-07368/advancing-artificial-intelligence-education-for-american-youth", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds Executive Order 14277 a voluntary federal coordination and resource measure for artificial intelligence literacy, with no mandate, prohibition, surveillance, or taking. The only tension is federal activity in education, a Tenth Amendment state and local domain, but the order avoids compulsion and works through existing law and voluntary partnership, supporting grade B.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "ef4ff63096923a2e87f88af7c506a08c5efdb17ce5c7d49ee3441f6fcc6554df", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:29.187529+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:09:12.600580+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 117 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/117" }, { "grade_id": 118, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/118", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07369", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14278", "measure_title": "Preparing Americans for High-Paying Skilled Trade Jobs of the Future", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07369", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/28/2025-07369/preparing-americans-for-high-paying-skilled-trade-jobs-of-the-future", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14278 is an internal management directive to review, streamline, and report on existing federal workforce programs and expand voluntary apprenticeships, expressly subject to applicable law and appropriations. It creates no mandate, prohibition, surveillance, taking, or rights restriction, and asserts no new federal power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "331e4c08e09419d02e20d94f946e4de5a5e0f6ebd5fa603ac8cf80e347e6185a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:28.898609+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:09:23.295940+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 118 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/118" }, { "grade_id": 119, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/119", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07376", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14279", "measure_title": "Reforming Accreditation To Strengthen Higher Education", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07376", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/28/2025-07376/reforming-accreditation-to-strengthen-higher-education", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds Executive Order 14279 constitutional: it uses existing Spending Clause and faithful-execution authority to stop federally recognized accreditors from conditioning funds on unlawful discrimination, protects speech and equal protection, imposes no taking without process, and expressly defers to State law.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "197342276155c861341613a3565f87ae861a2ceaa50906acb7cbea28921f12f9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:28.580994+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:09:35.532777+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 119 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/119" }, { "grade_id": 120, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/120", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07377", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14280", "measure_title": "Reinstating Commonsense School Discipline Policies", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07377", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/28/2025-07377/reinstating-commonsense-school-discipline-policies", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14280 is a lawful exercise of executive enforcement of existing anti-discrimination law. It withdraws federal disparate-impact pressure, returns routine discipline to local teachers and administrators, limits direct federal rulemaking to Defense schools, and imposes no speech, due-process, or property deprivation. Any SI review finds it constitutionally sound with no structural rewrite required.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "8f54095de35bd37be4d2c233608c5a67cfb5f6e8a8d241e6b6f01bfa43b2624f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:28.291705+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:09:48.080663+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 120 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/120" }, { "grade_id": 121, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/121", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07378", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14281", "measure_title": "Restoring Equality of Opportunity and Meritocracy", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07378", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/28/2025-07378/restoring-equality-of-opportunity-and-meritocracy", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14281 is a lawful exercise of presidential supervision of federal enforcement that removes a constitutionally suspect disparate-impact regime and restores equal-treatment and merit principles. It claims no legislative power, infringes no enumerated right, expands individual economic liberty, leaves state authority intact, and preserves lawful process for regulatory and judicial changes.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c5c56d2dfe5bdb2f261312116088bdd99bd16c88bf4d746a9b06c86eef845582", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:28.005454+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:10:00.651591+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 121 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/121" }, { "grade_id": 122, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/122", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07379", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14282", "measure_title": "Transparency Regarding Foreign Influence at American Universities", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07379", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/28/2025-07379/transparency-regarding-foreign-influence-at-american-universities", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order enforces existing congressional disclosure law for foreign funds to universities using spending-power conditions and lawful audits, without banning speech or seizing property. Minor tensions around compelled disclosure and False Claims Act grant consequences require fair-notice implementation, but structure is constitutional. Grade B.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "8b69fc482b8714440b9d0bc7a64f41ef3f4605735057219c2f23d828cca360f1", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:27.704140+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:10:35.500911+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 122 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/122" }, { "grade_id": 123, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/123", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07380", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14283", "measure_title": "White House Initiative To Promote Excellence and Innovation at Historically Black Colleges and Universities", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07380", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/28/2025-07380/white-house-initiative-to-promote-excellence-and-innovation-at-historically-black-colleges-and", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Advisory coordination to support HBCUs and implement existing statute, with no mandates, prohibitions, seizures, or spending beyond appropriations. Within presidential execution authority and respectful of rights, sovereignty, federalism, and due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "04d2e1b062da0d055867f563be5f8c170e61283c8ac1efa42dc13e3cf0f08824", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:27.395750+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:10:51.884639+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 123 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/123" }, { "grade_id": 124, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/124", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-07062", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14276", "measure_title": "Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-07062", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/22/2025-07062/restoring-american-seafood-competitiveness", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds Executive Order 14276 constitutionally sound: it directs executive agencies within existing commerce and trade authorities to reduce regulatory burdens, improve fisheries science, and address unfair foreign practices, without infringing rights, seizing property, or bypassing due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e6d13ce5ff84b8b7199827397fb3112b901653614e470d74bdae6d6434e8cf47", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:29.476131+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:11:09.269233+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 124 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/124" }, { "grade_id": 125, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/125", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06835", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14271", "measure_title": "Ensuring Commercial, Cost-Effective Solutions in Federal Contracts", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06835", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/18/2025-06835/ensuring-commercial-cost-effective-solutions-in-federal-contracts", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14271 is internal executive-branch procurement management enforcing existing statutory commercial preferences. It rests on Article II executive authority, infringes no rights, takes no property, denies no process, and transfers no power from individuals, localities, or states.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7850ddec4240d10558859983c4ed668b25b6761d8aa3f9c8ee9a97479e404920", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:30.950944+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:11:24.051497+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 125 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/125" }, { "grade_id": 126, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/126", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06836", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14272", "measure_title": "Ensuring National Security and Economic Resilience Through Section 232 Actions on Processed Critical Minerals and Derivative Products", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06836", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/18/2025-06836/ensuring-national-security-and-economic-resilience-through-section-232-actions-on-processed-critical", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Section 232 investigation order stays within presidential execution of a valid foreign-commerce and national-security statute, imposes no rights restriction or property taking, and addresses a subject only the federal level can assess.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "275c760bc28186bf040761fb7ee8595a5841dfb6fb6b94c26b967514dbc2b342", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:30.662427+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:11:43.031875+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 126 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/126" }, { "grade_id": 127, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/127", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06837", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14273", "measure_title": "Lowering Drug Prices by Once Again Putting Americans First", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06837", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/18/2025-06837/lowering-drug-prices-by-once-again-putting-americans-first", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14273 directs Federal officers to administer existing Medicare and Medicaid drug-pricing statutes through guidance, surveys, payment-model testing, and recommendations, citing applicable law throughout. It creates no new mandate, seizure, speech restriction, or property taking, and does not expand Federal power to a new field. Minor decentralization tension exists because drug pricing involves Federal programs individuals and localities cannot run, but the order preserves State management and adds no new consolidation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5d3089e2904df6ab976dfee041efac576462d9a04be6f81fc6fb9400d455f38f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:30.359569+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:11:59.215195+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 127 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/127" }, { "grade_id": 128, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/128", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06838", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14274", "measure_title": "Restoring Common Sense to Federal Office Space Management", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06838", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/18/2025-06838/restoring-common-sense-to-federal-office-space-management", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "EO 14274 is internal executive-branch management: it revokes two prior siting mandates and directs cost-effective federal office selection under existing property law. It stays within presidential authority over federal property and personnel, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, restricts no private conduct, devolves rather than centralizes decisions, and effects no taking or due-process deprivation. SI review finds it fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9e41f557afd8d97fac75b5875b99d484f6fa9b8e7ef292bb8f0c693168637355", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:30.065226+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:12:12.150857+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 128 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/128" }, { "grade_id": 129, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/129", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06839", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14275", "measure_title": "Restoring Common Sense to Federal Procurement", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06839", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/18/2025-06839/restoring-common-sense-to-federal-procurement", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14275 is a lawful exercise of presidential management of federal procurement. It stays within executive authority, retains statutory requirements, infringes no Bill of Rights protections, expands individual economic liberty by reducing regulatory barriers, respects federalism by addressing an inherently federal function, and denies no due process or property right. Grade A constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "63d51cb1a3cb8b79af20dd781741cec59db42777f3121c7a3434880050369aa1", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:29.770384+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:12:22.501513+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 129 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/129" }, { "grade_id": 130, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/130", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06458", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14263", "measure_title": "Addressing Risks From Susman Godfrey", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06458", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/15/2025-06458/addressing-risks-from-susman-godfrey", "grade": "F", "grade_meaning": "Direct violation", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 1, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "SI finds the President has general Article II authority over clearances and procurement, but EO 14263 uses that power to punish a named firm for protected advocacy and association through clearance suspension, contract termination and blacklisting, and exclusion from federal access and hiring without notice or hearing. That is First Amendment retaliation, denial of Fifth Amendment due process, and attainder-like punishment, warranting grade F.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d300758eee57289d7c9d88f1d7206ea997fa8caee763f92bddc92bf5d008ac38", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:33.286416+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:12:39.837685+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 130 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/130" }, { "grade_id": 131, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/131", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06459", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14264", "measure_title": "Maintaining Acceptable Water Pressure in Showerheads", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06459", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/15/2025-06459/maintaining-acceptable-water-pressure-in-showerheads", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14264 is constitutional. It uses lawful executive supervision to repeal a prior federal showerhead definition, imposes no new mandate, infringes no rights, takes no property, and returns choice to individuals and markets.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e358220abcc597190095d05f6eebdf9d33e9b324c855d0aeab39320bdd71eaf4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:32.989360+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:12:54.599722+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 131 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/131" }, { "grade_id": 132, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/132", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06461", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14265", "measure_title": "Modernizing Defense Acquisitions and Spurring Innovation in the Defense Industrial Base", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06461", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/15/2025-06461/modernizing-defense-acquisitions-and-spurring-innovation-in-the-defense-industrial-base", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14265 is a lawful exercise of presidential command over military procurement. It stays within Article II Commander in Chief authority and Article I defense powers, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, restricts no private sovereignty, remains at the proper federal level for national defense, and takes no property without due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4dd08475dde732db88c5e604f960168e62b86a491ab82b3228de6310ab476c47", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:32.704959+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:13:48.568036+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 132 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/132" }, { "grade_id": 133, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/133", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06462", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14266", "measure_title": "Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06462", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/15/2025-06462/modifying-reciprocal-tariff-rates-to-reflect-trading-partner-retaliation-and-alignment", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Foreign trade is properly federal, with no direct Bill of Rights or due-process taking violation, but the President exercised Congress's exclusive Article I taxing and tariff power through emergency authority. That separation-of-powers overstep plus a broad restraint on private exchange requires a D grade and a structural rewrite through Congress.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "037a90c9d18c5b8cbe7772cbe94b5ddfa9db6aec889b70b60acfb26e5d5151ab", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:32.414355+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:14:10.392136+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 133 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/133" }, { "grade_id": 134, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/134", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06463", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14267", "measure_title": "Reducing Anti-Competitive Regulatory Barriers", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06463", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/15/2025-06463/reducing-anti-competitive-regulatory-barriers", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14267 is a lawful Article II management directive ordering review and potential rescission of existing anti-competitive federal regulations through lawful processes with public input. It asserts no new power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic liberty, reduces federal control, and preserves due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e67845275e87474ab252c2b43a3209fcdd8dc9082fe251445a55eb4fd9b1d0df", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:32.129259+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:14:26.671858+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 134 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/134" }, { "grade_id": 135, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/135", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06464", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14268", "measure_title": "Reforming Foreign Defense Sales To Improve Speed and Accountability", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06464", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/15/2025-06464/reforming-foreign-defense-sales-to-improve-speed-and-accountability", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14268 is a constitutional exercise of presidential foreign-affairs and management authority implementing existing arms-transfer law. It infringes no rights, takes no property, and addresses an inherently federal function.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "bb821b428cb8782d93b74e6cf6a453f278d7043bfa349641a4540f511d73eec4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:31.840105+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:14:44.367114+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 135 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/135" }, { "grade_id": 136, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/136", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06465", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14269", "measure_title": "Restoring America's Maritime Dominance", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06465", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/15/2025-06465/restoring-americas-maritime-dominance", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Maritime industrial planning, defense-base assessment, Section 301 trade remedies, and customs-fee enforcement sit within federal commerce and defense powers and presidential direction of the executive branch, with no Bill of Rights infringement, taking, or improper federal consolidation. Minor economic burden and delegation tension is fixable through Congress and lawful process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e91ca0f8775fd0c0550724cadb7539e76cf73186d830eaafd9d63c4fc4cb2930", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:31.543138+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:15:12.719344+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 136 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/136" }, { "grade_id": 137, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/137", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06466", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14270", "measure_title": "Zero-Based Regulatory Budgeting To Unleash American Energy", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06466", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/15/2025-06466/zero-based-regulatory-budgeting-to-unleash-american-energy", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14270 directs periodic review and conditional sunset of energy-related federal regulations through lawful rulemaking and public comment, only to the extent permitted by law. It asserts no new legislative power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual liberty, reduces upward consolidation, and preserves due process. Constitutional in design; validity of any specific future repeal remains subject to its authorizing statute and proper procedure.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a15f7085dfd87295e167530c10527e920aa9eb8a3586b048cd3048a29d47230c", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:31.241669+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:15:28.885746+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 137 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/137" }, { "grade_id": 138, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/138", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06378", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14259", "measure_title": "Amendment to Reciprocal Tariffs and Updated Duties as Applied to Low-Value Imports From the People's Republic of China", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06378", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/14/2025-06378/amendment-to-reciprocal-tariffs-and-updated-duties-as-applied-to-low-value-imports-from-the-peoples", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Foreign tariffs are within federal enumerated commerce and duty powers and raise no Bill of Rights, decentralization, or due process violation, but EO 14259 unilaterally rewrites tariff rates by emergency order, stretching Article I, Section 1 and Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3 delegation limits and burdening individual economic liberty, requiring congressional authorization review. No SI analysis alters that constitutional test.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "ad97f451238c010a54545a244101672c477cfdf2b2fb1ab720e3041bc1542df1", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:34.654067+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:16:21.408807+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 138 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/138" }, { "grade_id": 139, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/139", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06379", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14260", "measure_title": "Protecting American Energy From State Overreach", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06379", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/14/2025-06379/protecting-american-energy-from-state-overreach", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Order directs lawful executive review of potentially preempted state energy laws and enforcement through courts, grounded in supremacy and interstate commerce authority, with no rights infringement or taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c2787354b39b165b51d04997e58d161031ae572ceeb4734c0688fead16c53cea", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:34.359345+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:17:08.751025+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 139 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/139" }, { "grade_id": 140, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/140", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06380", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14261", "measure_title": "Reinvigorating America's Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06380", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/14/2025-06380/reinvigorating-americas-beautiful-clean-coal-industry-and-amending-executive-order-14241", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14261 is an internal executive-branch management and Federal-lands order grounded in Article II and Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2, directing review and expedition of existing statutory programs. It imposes no mandate, prohibition, surveillance, or taking on private persons and expressly acts consistent with applicable law, so all five checks pass.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "280e31e07fb00170687b20b039b36e9040b6a8fc3cac9341160f2aa49ac92581", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:33.871777+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:17:25.350924+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 140 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/140" }, { "grade_id": 141, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/141", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06381", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14262", "measure_title": "Strengthening the Reliability and Security of the United States Electric Grid", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06381", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/14/2025-06381/strengthening-the-reliability-and-security-of-the-united-states-electric-grid", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal coordination of interstate grid reliability, expedited emergency procedures, and reliability studies fall within commerce and executive authority, with no direct rights infringement. Retention and anti-retirement language for large plants creates only fixable tension on property, due process, and compensation that must be handled through lawful Federal Power Act procedures with notice, hearing, and just compensation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "64cd30e13b7dbd58bbf25fd95a2f429025b680f3789b918cf02429bd0544f9c3", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:33.576837+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:17:55.761833+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 141 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/141" }, { "grade_id": 142, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/142", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06162", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14258", "measure_title": "Extending the TikTok Enforcement Delay", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06162", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/09/2025-06162/extending-the-tiktok-enforcement-delay", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "SI assessment: the President may exercise enforcement discretion, but Executive Order 14258 categorically suspends a duly enacted federal divestiture law, grants retroactive immunity, and directs the Attorney General to declare no violation and to suppress State enforcement. That violates the Article II, Section 3 duty to faithfully execute the laws and usurps Congress's Article I legislative power, with significant due-process and federalism costs, even though it does not itself restrict speech or individual sovereignty.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4efd62c32535dfd86f23018559200e725fde6ea96d74cff569927f0b1e426d5f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:34.949318+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:18:51.506911+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 142 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/142" }, { "grade_id": 143, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/143", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06027", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14256", "measure_title": "Further Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China as Applied to Low-Value Imports", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06027", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/07/2025-06027/further-amendment-to-duties-addressing-the-synthetic-opioid-supply-chain-in-the-peoples-republic-of", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional border and foreign-commerce action to close the de minimis channel exploited for synthetic opioid shipments, with advance notice and lawful collection procedures and no Bill of Rights infringement. Minor tension remains from broad executive tariff authority and added consumer cost, which is fixable by clearer congressional authorization.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "119cbecc9386e3ce1c9c553a0828f4a5a4f6f59665d170791a870e04810ba692", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:35.549831+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:19:11.086776+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 143 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/143" }, { "grade_id": 144, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/144", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-06063", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14257", "measure_title": "Regulating Imports With a Reciprocal Tariff To Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-06063", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/07/2025-06063/regulating-imports-with-a-reciprocal-tariff-to-rectify-trade-practices-that-contribute-to-large-and", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Foreign trade regulation is properly federal, with notice and no direct Bill of Rights or takings violation, but the President uses emergency statutes to exercise Congress's tariff and taxing powers under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3, while broadly restricting individual economic liberty without a compelling, narrowly tailored justification.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d9be1b621abcc47dbf42f21b4667149ad7a281845110c540ebda3d2a672afc04", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:35.259301+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:19:28.683375+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 144 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/144" }, { "grade_id": 145, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/145", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05906", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14254", "measure_title": "Combating Unfair Practices in the Live Entertainment Market", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05906", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/03/2025-05906/combating-unfair-practices-in-the-live-entertainment-market", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14254 directs enforcement of existing federal competition, ticket-sales, and tax laws and improved price transparency, within Commerce Clause and Take Care Clause authority, without infringing Bill of Rights freedoms, restricting individual conduct, seizing property, or consolidating new federal power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3430f0102d559354220cf1d6dcfb602daf003c754645a97585051dad862014bc", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:36.143746+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:19:44.309137+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 145 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/145" }, { "grade_id": 146, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/146", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05908", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14255", "measure_title": "Establishing the United States Investment Accelerator", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05908", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/03/2025-05908/establishing-the-united-states-investment-accelerator", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14255 is a lawful Article II management directive that creates a facilitative Commerce Department office for large investments, works within existing law and appropriations, imposes no mandates, takes no property, infringes no Bill of Rights protections, and cooperates with states rather than displacing them.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e6359cf923ab0a1fb905dde31f93ce64a8f9b85dda814909883fa0b9c3b29b4f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:35.844159+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:20:10.324816+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 146 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/146" }, { "grade_id": 147, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/147", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05836", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14251", "measure_title": "Exclusions From Federal Labor-Management Relations Programs", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05836", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/03/2025-05836/exclusions-from-federal-labor-management-relations-programs", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI analysis: President has statutory authority to exclude national-security agencies from federal bargaining, and no Bill of Rights or takings violation occurs. The Order is structurally suspect because it labels many largely civilian, regulatory, scientific, and service agencies as primarily intelligence or national security, exceeding the 7103(b)(1) predicate and requiring narrowing to true security functions.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "26e0e9479b4cdb791a42cc87d346a89c8115d7d282a4ecbc950cc2156d94f5e3", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:37.318502+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T01:21:03.259445+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 147 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/147" }, { "grade_id": 148, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/148", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05837", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14252", "measure_title": "Making the District of Columbia Safe and Beautiful", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05837", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/03/2025-05837/making-the-district-of-columbia-safe-and-beautiful", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14252 operates primarily within federal jurisdiction over the District and federal property, directing coordination, enforcement of existing law, and beautification rather than creating new crimes or bypassing courts. It passes enumerated powers, decentralization and takings checks, with only minor First, Fourth and Eighth Amendment implementation risks from maximum-enforcement language that require explicit speech, search and bail safeguards. Grade B: mostly sound with fixable tensions.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c9cbcd7497f0f3da7b8182961b475f84ae4764a963559bd08e546fc28645991f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:37.023291+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:30:51.023518+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 148 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/148" }, { "grade_id": 149, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/149", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05838", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14253", "measure_title": "Restoring Truth and Sanity to American History", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05838", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/03/2025-05838/restoring-truth-and-sanity-to-american-history", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14253 governs federal government speech on federal property and directs executive officers within existing statutory limits. It punishes no private person and takes no private property. The superintelligence-assisted (SI) review finds minor tension in vague content standards and in presidential direction touching the congressionally chartered Smithsonian, but the order mitigates that tension by acting through lawful Regents channels and future congressional appropriations.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "72abcb4a214525cac530eba8126a88facca6a39db1f096704d1cddcf7df4cc68", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:36.715647+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:31:08.691448+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 149 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/149" }, { "grade_id": 150, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/150", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05845", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14250", "measure_title": "Addressing Risks From WilmerHale", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05845", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/03/2025-05845/addressing-risks-from-wilmerhale", "grade": "F", "grade_meaning": "Direct violation", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 0, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "Executive Order 14250 imposes firm-specific clearance, contracting, access, and hiring penalties because of WilmerHale's protected legal advocacy and associations. While the President has general authority over federal security and procurement, targeting a named firm for its viewpoints and representations violates the First Amendment, individual sovereignty, and Fifth Amendment due process, warranting grade F.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "2462553b3845de354f61a9da0f2e7377fad070c28748edde4e18590b606ff1df", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:36.430823+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:31:28.529383+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 150 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/150" }, { "grade_id": 151, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/151", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05519", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14246", "measure_title": "Addressing Risks From Jenner & Block", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05519", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/28/2025-05519/addressing-risks-from-jenner-and-block", "grade": "F", "grade_meaning": "Direct violation", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "SI grades Executive Order 14246 as F. While the President has Article II authority over clearances and procurement, the order uses that power to punish a named law firm for protected speech, association, and legal advocacy, with blacklists, contract termination, and access bans without notice or hearing. That is retaliation and arbitrary action barred by the First and Fifth Amendments.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "74589d51c7800cbbec270e2446bf3b065e29f27d3ad98e489630780bab163fe0", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:38.502357+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:31:45.334637+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 151 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/151" }, { "grade_id": 152, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/152", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05522", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14247", "measure_title": "Modernizing Payments To and From America's Bank Account", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05522", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/28/2025-05522/modernizing-payments-to-and-from-americas-bank-account", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14247 directs executive agencies to shift Federal disbursements and receipts from paper checks to electronic payments, with explicit statutory limits and exceptions for unbanked, emergency, and security cases. It is a lawful exercise of presidential management of executive operations, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, preserves individual choice through accommodations, stays at the proper Federal level for Federal funds, and provides due process safeguards. SI analysis finds it constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0d4d595dd425abe1a3c9e5228b6d39351dd729bdb03c6e98d5d93af2af1a56cf", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:38.202749+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:32:03.709693+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 152 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/152" }, { "grade_id": 153, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/153", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05523", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14248", "measure_title": "Preserving and Protecting the Integrity of American Elections", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05523", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/28/2025-05523/preserving-and-protecting-the-integrity-of-american-elections", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds Executive Order 14248 largely enforces existing federal election statutes within presidential Take Care authority, but uses presidential direction to impose uniform federal registration, ballot-receipt, and list-maintenance standards that the Constitution reserves primarily to states subject to congressional regulation. No direct Bill of Rights violation, but federalism and voter-access implementation risks require congressional action and procedural safeguards.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "570095adf1482d7dd255eb72be6672565aff3cb15709ecf7046ea6cf50b2661a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:37.910271+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:32:21.607481+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 153 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/153" }, { "grade_id": 154, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/154", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05524", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14249", "measure_title": "Protecting America's Bank Account Against Fraud, Waste, and Abuse", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05524", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/28/2025-05524/protecting-americas-bank-account-against-fraud-waste-and-abuse", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Treasury pre-payment verification and consolidation of federal disbursing functions is within federal fiscal powers and faithful execution, with no direct rights violation. super-intelligence-assisted review finds only minor Fourth and Fifth Amendment caution around expanded inter-agency data matching, constrained by lawfulness provisos and exclusion of sensitive data, warranting safeguards rather than invalidation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9695b37dafa2cae97227ab014be2cdcf3710d34f8369f9c8a1230d653dc5b332", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:37.617285+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:32:39.471865+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 154 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/154" }, { "grade_id": 155, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/155", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05440", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14245", "measure_title": "Imposing Tariffs on Countries Importing Venezuelan Oil", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05440", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/27/2025-05440/imposing-tariffs-on-countries-importing-venezuelan-oil", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "Secondary 25 percent tariffs serve a legitimate foreign-policy purpose but are imposed by executive discretion under a stretched emergency delegation, exercising Congress's Article I tax and commerce powers with vague standards and broad harm to private trade. Requires congressional authorization with clear limits.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f29ef01f0f9974b280c693f000e9a445e577b463970e8b78754db3a08f6f9303", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:38.797017+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:33:07.265942+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 155 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/155" }, { "grade_id": 156, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/156", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05291", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14244", "measure_title": "Addressing Remedial Action by Paul Weiss", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05291", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/26/2025-05291/addressing-remedial-action-by-paul-weiss", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "EO 14244 is constitutionally sound in its operative effect because it revokes the punitive EO 14237 and restores associational and economic liberty. It earns B rather than A because it memorializes policy and pro bono concessions extracted under duress from the prior Order without disavowing coercion, providing findings, or offering remedy, leaving a chilling precedent for First Amendment and due-process rights.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "ce6aad8763d7a97b75cc6b1c659cbc57754f043019ff68b6cd79afe5cc54c58b", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:39.151094+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:33:24.643800+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 156 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/156" }, { "grade_id": 157, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/157", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05197", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14240", "measure_title": "Eliminating Waste and Saving Taxpayer Dollars by Consolidating Procurement", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05197", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/25/2025-05197/eliminating-waste-and-saving-taxpayer-dollars-by-consolidating-procurement", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Executive Order 14240 is a lawful internal management measure directing federal agencies to consolidate routine procurement through GSA where permitted by law. It exercises presidential supervision of the executive branch, creates no public regulation, infringes no rights, and takes no property.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "367a99531cbde534d744224ffc19d9721c47118a91bf714b345cf6c517831bf7", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:40.510074+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:33:42.123033+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 157 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/157" }, { "grade_id": 158, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/158", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05212", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14241", "measure_title": "Immediate Measures To Increase American Mineral Production", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05212", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/25/2025-05212/immediate-measures-to-increase-american-mineral-production", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds Executive Order 14241 constitutionally sound: it directs faster federal permitting and use of federal lands under Property Clause and statutory authority, with no speech, arms, privacy, due process, takings, or sovereignty violation. Minor policy breadth in the Chair-defined mineral category does not create a constitutional violation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d70671f5c34eb532743148d1ff5c2aa69c539486787dd74804515b9f03ca24db", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:40.217331+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:34:00.090081+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 158 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/158" }, { "grade_id": 159, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/159", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05213", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14242", "measure_title": "Improving Education Outcomes by Empowering Parents, States, and Communities", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05213", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/25/2025-05213/improving-education-outcomes-by-empowering-parents-states-and-communities", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI analysis: Executive Order 14242 is constitutional. It corrects federal overreach by dismantling federal control over education, an area with no Article I, Section 8 grant, and returning authority to parents, States, and communities under the Tenth Amendment, with no Bill of Rights infringement or due process taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b3536ae5533707dbe24d089d1c7e0e3aab219a9d2e333d817bdc19fedd967feb", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:39.925293+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:34:13.824868+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 159 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/159" }, { "grade_id": 160, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/160", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-05214", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14243", "measure_title": "Stopping Waste, Fraud, and Abuse by Eliminating Information Silos", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-05214", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/25/2025-05214/stopping-waste-fraud-and-abuse-by-eliminating-information-silos", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 0, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "Executive Order 14243 directs lawful fraud reduction but does so through presumptive bulk consolidation of unclassified federal records and unfettered extraction of State program and unemployment data, with orders to rescind privacy-protective guidance. The consistent-with-law qualifier does not cure the assertion of executive power over congressional privacy statutes and State records, nor the Fourth Amendment, due process, sovereignty, and Tenth Amendment federalism harms from centralized data aggregation without safeguards.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "0260eef724ce6b2a8fa6aab69d03a26d57833d5b718db1ac251e950d96854270", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:39.636669+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:34:26.013821+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 160 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/160" }, { "grade_id": 161, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/161", "measure_type": "executive_order", "measure_id": "2025-04973", "measure_ref": "Executive Order 14239", "measure_title": "Achieving Efficiency Through State and Local Preparedness", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/executive-orders/2025-04973", "official_source": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/21/2025-04973/achieving-efficiency-through-state-and-local-preparedness", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "EO 14239 shifts emergency preparedness from federal centralization to state, local, and individual ownership, streamlines federal policy, and expressly protects speech by excluding censorship-related infrastructure policies. No enumerated-powers overreach, rights infringement, sovereignty restriction, upward consolidation, or due process taking was found.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "557d689997a5331b99c2163baab8077f067da0282b554e1b228cd177add89fb9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-03T23:00:40.832523+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:34:38.872021+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 161 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/161" }, { "grade_id": 162, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/162", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hconres-119-89", "measure_ref": "H.Con.Res. 89", "measure_title": "Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with Iran.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hconres-119-89", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/89", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HCONRES 89 is constitutional. It enforces Congress's Article I war-declare power by ending unauthorized hostilities with Iran while preserving self-defense, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, takes no property without due process, and properly exercises federal authority over war rather than consolidating new federal power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e34bc0c1b536f180eb2ccabfe0ee29b3f64e67a29567447bb046faa650150891", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T08:04:07.691229+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:34:53.074182+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 162 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/162" }, { "grade_id": 163, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/163", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-5334", "measure_ref": "H.R. 5334", "measure_title": "Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-5334", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5334", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional tax-relief measure under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1. It expands an existing educator deduction to pre-kindergarten educators, infringes no rights, takes no property, and consolidates no power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "cfc03e0ad8f496c2b66c57bb5fe33fd3fe361871572692d7765fbc1ed093de88", "source_fetched_at": "2026-08-10T05:15:01.902539+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:35:07.307948+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 163 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/163" }, { "grade_id": 164, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/164", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-6500", "measure_ref": "H.R. 6500", "measure_title": "Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2027", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-6500", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6500", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds HR 6500 constitutional: it exercises core congressional tariff and foreign-commerce powers, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands rather than restricts individual economic liberty, operates at the proper federal level for foreign trade, and supplies orderly due process for duty refunds.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "78fec74bc58663659d0840d6efa5babe964c977485141cf54d7d127fb49bc505", "source_fetched_at": "2026-08-06T05:15:00.550541+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:35:22.258253+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 164 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/164" }, { "grade_id": 165, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/165", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sres-119-817", "measure_ref": "S.Res. 817", "measure_title": "An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sres-119-817", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-resolution/817", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SRES 817 is a routine Senate rules action organizing en bloc votes on nominations, squarely authorized by Article I, Section 5 and Article II, Section 2, with no rights infringement, sovereignty restriction, centralization, or due process issue.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b114357dc0d36aff8785559838e2c78a04c78087ba5ef32e1258daffd1cb1fe8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T15:07:00.018921+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:35:36.115290+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 165 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/165" }, { "grade_id": 166, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/166", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-6644", "measure_ref": "H.R. 6644", "measure_title": "21st Century ROAD to Housing Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-6644", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6644", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal housing aid through conditional spending has a plausible basis in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1, and the bill avoids direct rights violations, takings, or due-process denials. It loses ground because housing, zoning, permitting, and land use are reserved under the Tenth Amendment, and the bill uses national guidance, bonus points, and detailed grant conditions to steer those local decisions upward to HUD.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1aea4653ca4f7ca8b0e2a1c33517100895cc796504e17715d7dc6fedb3908827", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:36:03.321353+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 166 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/166" }, { "grade_id": 167, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/167", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hconres-119-86", "measure_ref": "H.Con.Res. 86", "measure_title": "Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with Iran.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hconres-119-86", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/86", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HCONRES 86 is a constitutional correction. It enforces Article I congressional control over war by requiring removal from hostilities with Iran unless Congress declares war or authorizes force, with a narrow imminent-defense exception. No rights are infringed and no power is usurped; SI review finds full compliance.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3de4f99d777d885b3e4de7839b7ba1cc9855ee360bba6150fa09a1734fdb7fb9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-06-06T05:15:00.912612+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:36:16.803786+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 167 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/167" }, { "grade_id": 168, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/168", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-2", "measure_ref": "S. 2", "measure_title": "Secure America Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-2", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This is a funding measure for border and immigration enforcement through FY2029. Congress holds enumerated power over naturalization, foreign commerce, defense, and spending, and the bill on its face infringes no Bill of Rights protection, restricts no individual sovereignty, respects federal-state cooperation, and bypasses no due process or takings protection.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "ffc13459465326ce5a39efc41404b83c4e30fb89921796ab65c3dc449ee95db0", "source_fetched_at": "2026-06-06T05:15:00.392427+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:36:36.647205+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 168 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/168" }, { "grade_id": 169, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/169", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sres-119-690", "measure_ref": "S.Res. 690", "measure_title": "An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sres-119-690", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-resolution/690", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SRES 690 is a routine Senate procedure exercising explicit Article I and Article II powers. It infringes no rights, takes nothing, and operates at the constitutionally required level.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "92a0929c074d863e185f413adce9fbb7f3b04d94597fc8cf902a061c1feffea2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T21:07:00.012375+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:36:50.436591+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 169 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/169" }, { "grade_id": 170, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/170", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sconres-119-33", "measure_ref": "S.Con.Res. 33", "measure_title": "A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2026 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2027 through 2035.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sconres-119-33", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-concurrent-resolution/33", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SCONRES 33 is a routine congressional budget framework exercising core Article I fiscal and rulemaking powers. It imposes no rights restriction, no individual mandate, and no taking, and it operates at the proper federal level for federal budgeting.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "dfab43ac36f6bc5cee6549bbcd4669c0f80d6810cbaf892afb97cd1f6eb42cbc", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T22:07:00.064405+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:37:03.506516+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 170 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/170" }, { "grade_id": 171, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/171", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-140", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 140", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-140", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/140", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Congress acted within its Property Clause authority over federal lands to disapprove a 20-year mineral withdrawal, with no Bill of Rights infringement, no restriction on private person or property, no upward consolidation beyond the necessary federal proprietor, and no due process or takings violation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "03a6729512e649e8f1b4ae08d386ff12fe614a5ebc3689d15f9b6684e74fb1bb", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T22:07:00.064405+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:37:21.082979+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 171 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/171" }, { "grade_id": 172, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/172", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-142", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 142", "measure_title": "Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-142", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/142", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Congress acted within its explicit District power to review District tax law, with no Bill of Rights, sovereignty, or due process violation. Local control tension exists but is resolved by the Constitution itself.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "099018c40b05b7322e125ac406c8c4ece5bb778ed82b10f7536a3dcb49af4435", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:07:00.014629+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:37:40.545712+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 172 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/172" }, { "grade_id": 173, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/173", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7148", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7148", "measure_title": "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7148", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "A funding law with clear authority for defense, foreign affairs, and core federal operations, but it also sustains broad federal control over education, housing, health, labor, and welfare properly left to states. No direct Bill of Rights breach or takings breach is shown, so the grade reflects power overreach and centralization rather than a direct rights breach.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "17fedd099a2bfe4ced9dbee35069377b4c1bca4638d10f5d559c05b1ea2e92bc", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:38:04.115553+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 173 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/173" }, { "grade_id": 174, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/174", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-6938", "measure_ref": "H.R. 6938", "measure_title": "Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-6938", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6938", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 6938 as summarized is a routine FY2026 appropriations package funding Commerce, Justice, Energy, Interior and related agencies. It rests squarely on the Article I appropriations and spending powers, creates no direct restriction on protected freedoms, property, or due process, and does not centralize new authority. Grade A constitutional on its face; specific spending riders or enforcement uses would need provision-level review.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5e6af98b4e7ca6aee5d60ee86173fc4ec9489ccbd14944001b57e59b0975ab4f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:38:32.063433+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 174 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/174" }, { "grade_id": 175, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/175", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-1071", "measure_ref": "S. 1071", "measure_title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-1071", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "The FY2026 defense authorization funds and organizes the core federal function of national defense, squarely within Article I, Section 8 defense powers. As summarized, it shows no Bill of Rights infringement, no individual-sovereignty restriction, no improper centralization, and no due-process or takings violation. Detailed provisions should still receive SI-assisted line review, but the measure as described is constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a9cc75a93625aba80be1f0191bcd4ba16d31fad365117cde19577193b6ce4714", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:38:47.242517+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 175 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/175" }, { "grade_id": 176, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/176", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-82", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 82", "measure_title": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to \"Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-82", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/82", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "S.J.Res.82 is a constitutional exercise of congressional oversight: it uses the lawful Congressional Review Act process to disapprove an HHS policy, infringes no rights, restricts no individual, consolidates no power, and denies no due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "80ce336d22cec37997fed14c07a51ebfa699c005737095e7f00ed7e598f177e6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:39:01.502810+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 176 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/176" }, { "grade_id": 177, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/177", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sres-119-532", "measure_ref": "S.Res. 532", "measure_title": "An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sres-119-532", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-resolution/532", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SRES 532 is an internal Senate procedural resolution exercising explicit constitutional powers over rules and nominations, with no rights infringement, sovereignty burden, upward consolidation, or due process issue. Analysis by SI finds it fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d9dbd8ddd3260d23ad7586f616c8ff7b915f253fd4c6d1b16bce85905637ec09", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:39:15.201303+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 177 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/177" }, { "grade_id": 178, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/178", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-106", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 106", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to \"Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-106", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/106", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 106 is a constitutional exercise of congressional control over federal lands and executive rulemaking. Under the Property Clause and lawful review procedures it nullifies an agency land plan, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual freedom, and checks rather than extends central power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "08271cce1b95e2b078cf3a4ffc6dd6d042bda81c027ff9fab0fa4db6a1984ed4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:39:29.161334+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 178 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/178" }, { "grade_id": 179, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/179", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-131", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 131", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-131", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/131", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Congress used its Property Clause and legislative oversight powers through lawful presentment to nullify a 2024 agency restriction on Coastal Plain leasing. It infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands productive liberty, stays at the constitutionally required federal level for federal land, and provides full due process with no taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5e0b740a7775a12beecc2818e10a950beffa5841ecc50599f719efdac62d70bb", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:39:41.221941+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 179 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/179" }, { "grade_id": 180, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/180", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-130", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 130", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-130", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/130", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional exercise of congressional power over federal lands. Congress used lawful Article I procedures and its Article IV property power to overturn an agency leasing closure, with no Bill of Rights, sovereignty, or due process violation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9b0cc315bd9b0b9473ef2b7807fc0ed3ee8963e251dff929926a8a3548b03d70", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:39:58.200127+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 180 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/180" }, { "grade_id": 181, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/181", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-104", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 104", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to \"Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-104", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/104", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 104 is a lawful exercise of Congress's Property Clause power that removes a federal closure and restores open leasing consideration, with no rights infringement, no sovereignty restraint, and no due-process taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f30bcc9e8c458e33d56e5c90c00c76e1149efc91eb9c5406da2620328a4bda51", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:40:15.900025+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 181 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/181" }, { "grade_id": 182, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/182", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-105", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 105", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to \"North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-105", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/105", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 105 is a constitutional exercise of congressional authority over federal public lands. Under the Property Clause and the Congressional Review Act process, Congress lawfully nullified a Bureau of Land Management resource plan, reducing federal restriction and infringing no rights or due process protections.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "fdee4e7c851235eddfb006e520218ca0b7b25c332787dacb4efc33d43b028541", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:40:29.724075+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 182 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/182" }, { "grade_id": 183, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/183", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-80", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 80", "measure_title": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to \"National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-80", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/80", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Congress acted within its express Property Clause power to direct use of federal reserve land, used lawful legislative procedure, infringed no rights, took no private property, and reduced rather than expanded federal restriction.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "2d6c7ac7dc35b7d5761ff43b513039612aabef0eb2a847e8181ca12e05f7f71e", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:40:47.683430+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 183 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/183" }, { "grade_id": 184, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/184", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-2296", "measure_ref": "S. 2296", "measure_title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-2296", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2296", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Annual defense authorization is a core enumerated federal power under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 11-16. The summary shows procurement, personnel, construction, and readiness measures with no rights infringement, no taking without compensation, and no improper consolidation because defense cannot be handled at a lower level.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "086830e23e3a218d2673f48a79b9751f7cab5298c9d915b31e70acf3759b273f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:41:01.783872+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 184 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/184" }, { "grade_id": 185, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/185", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-5371", "measure_ref": "H.R. 5371", "measure_title": "Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-5371", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5371", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 5371 is a routine exercise of Congress's core appropriations power under Article I, Sections 8 and 9. It ends the shutdown by funding federal operations, imposes no restriction on individual rights, takes no property, and federalizes no state or private function. The SI analysis finds it fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "71a6fa503ae573664a716ca27d9664103fdb477d07b325bcda66a45ac12e8b8f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:41:16.235429+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 185 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/185" }, { "grade_id": 186, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/186", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-88", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 88", "measure_title": "A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-88", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/88", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 88 is constitutional. It restores Congress as tariff-maker under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 3, ends emergency executive duties, and expands individual economic liberty with no rights infringement or due-process loss.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "415804f3cd7241817477c422231914619cccb62c94009549b6948c7024b11518", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:41:29.483368+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 186 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/186" }, { "grade_id": 187, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/187", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-81", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 81", "measure_title": "A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-81", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/81", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 81 is constitutional. It uses explicit Article I foreign-commerce and duties powers to end an emergency-based 40% Brazil tariff, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic liberty, keeps foreign trade at the proper federal level while reducing emergency executive concentration, and creates no due process or takings issue.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7fa6e8ed813920fc0457028983131dd6651f5ff2657976e6ed349815f1b12c56", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:41:43.197524+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 187 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/187" }, { "grade_id": 188, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/188", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-77", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 77", "measure_title": "A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-77", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/77", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 77 is constitutional. Congress uses its Article I foreign-commerce and duties powers to end an executive emergency tariff on Canada, removing a burden on peaceful exchange, restoring legislative process, and pushing power away from unilateral executive control. No rights infringement or overreach.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3fecc9bc420712ef8ae4d3c66b2468669647250ac4e6d4ac95415a411377ecef", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:41:56.601624+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 188 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/188" }, { "grade_id": 189, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/189", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-2882", "measure_ref": "S. 2882", "measure_title": "Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-2882", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2882", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Temporary funding of authorized federal operations with tax and spending powers is core Article I activity, with no rights burden, no liberty restriction, and no taking or process denial.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "015afb1ed78184b24114286d9f22f3254ad5737172113c7ba752dcd43af734fb", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:42:12.427440+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 189 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/189" }, { "grade_id": 190, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/190", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-71", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 71", "measure_title": "A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-71", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/71", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This SI review finds SJRES 71 constitutional. It ends the January 20, 2025 energy emergency, withdraws emergency agency and military construction powers, and restores Congress, normal statutes, due process, and state and local control. Although it failed in the Senate 47-51, on substance it reduces federal overreach and protects rights and property.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d4446f33536c498c0756957830c2c3f262852171e8faa14e68c62298ce09cdb8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:42:38.873579+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 190 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/190" }, { "grade_id": 191, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/191", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sres-119-412", "measure_ref": "S.Res. 412", "measure_title": "An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sres-119-412", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-resolution/412", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "S. Res. 412 is an internal Senate procedural rule for voting on nominations en bloc. It rests on explicit Article I, Section 5 and Article II, Section 2 authority, infringes no rights, takes no property, and consolidates no power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "12d878276354c9dac78a2b2740cf1d5d3cfc10e6e872579d9dce6279052e7a09", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:42:54.332244+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 191 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/191" }, { "grade_id": 192, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/192", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-3944", "measure_ref": "H.R. 3944", "measure_title": "Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, Agriculture, and Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-3944", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3944", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Routine FY2026 appropriations for core federal functions under Article I. Funds military construction, veterans affairs, agriculture, FDA, and the legislative branch pursuant to the Appropriations Clause, with no facial infringement of rights, sovereignty, federalism, or due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4c8915bf421c5d7808991bc46e72b9ec5c91184bd4b6f2407bc7ca4164b77f57", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:43:08.684921+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 192 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/192" }, { "grade_id": 193, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/193", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sres-119-377", "measure_ref": "S.Res. 377", "measure_title": "An executive resolution authorizing the en bloc consideration in Executive Session of certain nominations on the Executive Calendar.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sres-119-377", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-resolution/377", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SRES 377 is a routine internal Senate procedural rule organizing en bloc consideration of executive and ambassador nominations. It rests squarely on Article II advice-and-consent authority and the Article I power of the Senate to set its own proceedings, with no rights infringement, sovereignty restriction, or federalism concern.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "536a689cd0fd010136209810e43cf3108d0f893edd65cc25020c40b0c01485c5", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:43:18.734027+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 193 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/193" }, { "grade_id": 194, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/194", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-4", "measure_ref": "H.R. 4", "measure_title": "Rescissions Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-4", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Congress exercised its core appropriations power to cancel unspent federal funds. It censors no one, mandates nothing, takes no private property, and reduces federal scope, leaving private and local action freer.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "47872bf6951160f2116916623372487eeaba663ece412a9eb99a3c98b25132b7", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:43:33.785433+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 194 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/194" }, { "grade_id": 195, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/195", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-1582", "measure_ref": "S. 1582", "measure_title": "GENIUS Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-1582", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1582", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal framework for fixed-value payment instruments rests on interstate and foreign commerce authority, preserves a state licensing path, imposes no direct ban on speech or ownership, and provides knowledge-based penalties with regulator process. Sovereignty and centralization costs are real but limited and justified for money-like instruments, leaving minor fixable tension rather than a constitutional violation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "54b51413e5051010e69633ddccbfdc3a7682b492c4a8405747cbb00078c2f663", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:43:52.024960+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 195 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/195" }, { "grade_id": 196, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/196", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-331", "measure_ref": "S. 331", "measure_title": "HALT Fentanyl Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-331", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/331", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Permanent Schedule I placement and uniform penalties for fentanyl-related trafficking fall within commerce authority and preserve trial rights, with a strong protective justification for a lethal interstate drug. Mandatory minimums and class-wide scheduling create minor Eighth Amendment, due-process, and liberty tensions that keep this from a clean A, but no direct violation is shown.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5d1cb4cdef438545118d7ea9d06909a02449dccb1c6397b61ecf4e9ae0e417a8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:44:14.243338+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 196 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/196" }, { "grade_id": 197, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/197", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-1", "measure_ref": "H.R. 1", "measure_title": "An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-1", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Reconciliation tax, spending, borrowing, and debt-limit provisions fall squarely within Congress enumerated fiscal powers, and prospective SNAP work and benefit-formula rules condition a voluntary benefit rather than abridging rights, liberty, or property. The only tension is federalism: a national welfare design consolidates decisions states, localities, and civil society could handle, warranting B rather than A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "59767401a087d99054fec9968038b47675ddbee8748f550d61a11b3899612e2d", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:44:33.037803+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 197 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/197" }, { "grade_id": 198, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/198", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-13", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 13", "measure_title": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-13", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/13", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 13 is a lawful exercise of congressional oversight that nullifies an OCC procedural rule and reduces federal regulatory burden. It rests on enumerated commerce and necessary-and-proper powers, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual freedom, decentralizes rather than consolidates power, and observes due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e6f9983a296a82fcd3a5194b4a5750d8d214e31b4a693bc91315f385d43876ef", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:44:48.599179+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 198 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/198" }, { "grade_id": 199, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/199", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-31", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 31", "measure_title": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to \"Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-31", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/31", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional oversight that stays inside enumerated commerce and oversight powers, infringes no rights, expands individual and state latitude, and uses lawful process. Grade A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "586b7f392730776798e55712dae78e52937ad91c3af1e5577dc30374e9b2feb1", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:45:01.685160+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 199 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/199" }, { "grade_id": 200, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/200", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-87", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 87", "measure_title": "Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to \"California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-87", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/87", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Congress used its commerce and oversight powers through lawful procedure to block a single-state emissions mandate from functioning as a national rule, protecting liberty and uniform federal law with no rights infringement or taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "1dc6a077e67d547078c0c553167dcfa74cf6ad30231632bf6b342f339d56d7dd", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:45:17.202139+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 200 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/200" }, { "grade_id": 201, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/201", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-88", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 88", "measure_title": "Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to \"California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-88", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/88", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 88 is constitutional. Congress used its enumerated commerce and oversight powers through lawful procedure to nullify an agency waiver, infringed no Bill of Rights protection, expanded individual choice by removing a mandate, preserved the federal-state balance by preventing a single-state rule from dictating the national market, and violated no due process or takings protection.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6125922819db6ad0f0bb07632de326839dbd867e374fef7eb36f6ed7d88c5498", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:45:39.478749+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 201 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/201" }, { "grade_id": 202, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/202", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-89", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 89", "measure_title": "Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to \"California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-89", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/89", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Congress used lawful Commerce Clause and review authority to nullify an EPA waiver, with no Bill of Rights, sovereignty, or due process harm. The sole constitutional tension is decentralization: it blocks a state-level pollution program in favor of uniform federal preemption, contrary to Tenth Amendment preference for state handling where feasible. Fixable and minor, supporting grade B.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f3b5ed085c26c7f7560caca31f7d49dc7c12ed38baf67c745dde0deb73682dd2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:45:55.621998+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 202 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/202" }, { "grade_id": 203, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/203", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-55", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 55", "measure_title": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration relating to \"Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Fuel System Integrity of Hydrogen Vehicles; Compressed Hydrogen Storage System Integrity; Incorporation by Reference\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-55", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/55", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 55 is a constitutional exercise of congressional legislative power that repeals a federal agency safety mandate for hydrogen vehicles. It violates no rights, takes no property, affords full legislative process, and decentralizes decision-making away from federal agency and foreign-harmonized standard-setting toward states and markets.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "17c35f16c79a40503b965f3bcf505d09db3ff3eddfcfa9fca69eec64f83bf833", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:46:12.691439+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 203 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/203" }, { "grade_id": 204, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/204", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-60", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 60", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to \"Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-60", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/60", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 60, enacted as Public Law 119-13, is a constitutional exercise of congressional control over federal property. Under the Property Clause it vetoes an NPS motor-vehicle restriction at Glen Canyon, restores access, and violates no rights, sovereignty, or due process protections.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "bd42fd26382986b444b61cd38ec0b0f71f1554faa53ff5da280eff9813294335", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:46:31.866729+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 204 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/204" }, { "grade_id": 205, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/205", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-61", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 61", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to \"National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-61", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/61", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Congress used lawful oversight to nullify an agency emissions rule, acting within enumerated legislative power while infringing no rights, taking no property, and pushing control downward toward states and communities.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "20413507b53ca93d0dc6358983f8cd64087d43493723db82f80f4d17c64e1d8f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:46:46.544075+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 205 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/205" }, { "grade_id": 206, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/206", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hconres-119-14", "measure_ref": "H.Con.Res. 14", "measure_title": "Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hconres-119-14", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/14", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HCONRES 14 is a routine exercise of Congress fiscal powers: setting federal budget levels and reconciliation instructions for FY2025-FY2034. It infringes no rights, takes no property, and governs only federal spending and revenue planning, which only Congress can perform.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a1f2d265d91ba0c58a09575cc53f8ecd976089f1d178a5eceec7ace896bd0b84", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:46:58.190514+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 206 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/206" }, { "grade_id": 207, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/207", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-7", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 7", "measure_title": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission relating to \"Addressing the Homework Gap Through the E-Rate Program\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-7", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/7", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 7 is a constitutional use of congressional oversight to nullify an agency expansion of federal support, imposing no rights burden and returning connectivity choices to individuals, local bodies, and states.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "27d0aa2c0e1a07ea72db4c992411eaae8ab052f15eb3e78d654733832f8f662d", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:47:18.301792+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 207 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/207" }, { "grade_id": 208, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/208", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-28", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 28", "measure_title": "A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to \"Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-28", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/28", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 28 is a constitutional exercise of congressional legislative and oversight power that nullifies an expanded CFPB supervisory rule over large digital payment apps. It rests on Article I commerce and oversight authority, enacted through proper bicameralism and presentment, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual economic liberty, returns power downward, and takes no property or due process. Analysis by SI finds no constitutional defect.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "35cd65d74e7ee62f6b24972594ff6b5ca207660411e957647adb2a677fa60a42", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:47:31.994635+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 208 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/208" }, { "grade_id": 209, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/209", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-18", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 18", "measure_title": "A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to \"Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-18", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/18", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 18 is a constitutional use of congressional oversight to void a CFPB overdraft rule. It relies on enumerated legislative power, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, expands individual and market choice, returns decisions toward lower levels, and denies no due process or property.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a52a72a8cd5a1053b5eed9741bd8c9f7b80eb80c3a993f4e14e24c60817d241b", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:47:53.076329+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 209 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/209" }, { "grade_id": 210, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/210", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-42", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 42", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to \"Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-42", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/42", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 42 is a constitutional use of congressional oversight to void an executive energy-efficiency reporting and enforcement rule. It asserts no new federal power, infringes no rights, takes no property, and moves decisions away from Washington toward individuals, markets, and states.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3c52ef43a024684fa63817753178e8c057f4f5f01823ee1e9857796f867fdc49", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:48:05.921378+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 210 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/210" }, { "grade_id": 211, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/211", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-24", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 24", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to \"Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-24", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/24", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 24 uses lawful congressional review power to cancel a 2024 Department of Energy efficiency mandate for walk-in coolers and freezers. It imposes no new speech, search, property, or due-process burden, expands individual and business choice, and returns authority toward states and markets. It is constitutionally sound.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b97027598b7ef7aef250f386780a44a7d3c240297434e759be15b8b9a5774267", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:48:21.918635+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 211 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/211" }, { "grade_id": 212, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/212", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-75", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 75", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to \"Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-75", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/75", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 75, enacted as Public Law 119-9, repeals a 2025 Department of Energy efficiency mandate for commercial refrigeration. The SI grade is A because Congress used lawful oversight power to reduce federal overreach, infringe no Bill of Rights protection, restore individual and state choice, and take no property without process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "dcc5c61c5962223f1b75f83add69c23c50711a9454d026d662599e24613e7425", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:48:36.802842+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 212 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/212" }, { "grade_id": 213, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/213", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-20", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 20", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to \"Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-20", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/20", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 20 repeals a Department of Energy efficiency mandate on consumer gas water heaters through congressional disapproval, restoring purchasing choice. It exercises legitimate congressional oversight, infringes no rights, expands individual sovereignty over property, and decentralizes power away from the federal level. Fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9471705d7a639dcd67e6ab2295e1bdfb40b5d9d93714bc7cfccb52cd7c275ff9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:48:48.825178+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 213 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/213" }, { "grade_id": 214, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/214", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-49", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 49", "measure_title": "A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-49", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/49", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "S.J.Res. 49 is constitutional. It exercises Congress's explicit Article I tariff and foreign-commerce powers to end an executive emergency tariff regime, infringes no rights, expands individual economic liberty, returns decision-making to the proper legislative level, and violates no due process or takings protection.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "415804f3cd7241817477c422231914619cccb62c94009549b6948c7024b11518", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:48:59.967928+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 214 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/214" }, { "grade_id": 215, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/215", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-25", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 25", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to \"Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-25", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/25", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review: HJRES 25 repeals an IRS broker-reporting rule for decentralized transactions through lawful congressional disapproval. It stays inside enumerated tax and legislative powers, lessens search, speech-association, and sovereignty burdens, and reverses federal consolidation. No new mandate or taking is created.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5bda87483bd6bfb0b3c6330f3bcd1eda9d17a835d54625c0dfe2b184ee2817f7", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:49:13.657438+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 215 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/215" }, { "grade_id": 216, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/216", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-37", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 37", "measure_title": "A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Canada.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-37", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/37", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 37 is constitutional. It uses Congress's Article I foreign-commerce and duties powers to end an executive emergency tariff regime on Canada, reducing burdens on liberty, property, and due process rather than creating new ones. Foreign trade is properly federal, and this measure de-concentrates power back to the legislature.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3fecc9bc420712ef8ae4d3c66b2468669647250ac4e6d4ac95415a411377ecef", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:49:28.655734+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 216 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/216" }, { "grade_id": 217, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/217", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-1968", "measure_ref": "H.R. 1968", "measure_title": "Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-1968", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1968", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 1968 is a routine funding continuation under the core appropriations powers of Article I. It spends at prior levels, prevents a lapse in government operations, and extends existing health authorities without restricting rights, seizing property, mandating personal conduct, or expanding federal power. Fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3093503c78b735d33bf187a335d03382481fdb76b2c6f19674aeedbe19da7d20", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:49:44.542429+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 217 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/217" }, { "grade_id": 218, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/218", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-11", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 11", "measure_title": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to \"Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-11", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/11", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This is a constitutional rollback of executive-branch overreach. Congress used lawful legislative authority to rescind a blanket federal reporting rule for the Outer Continental Shelf and restore evidence-based discretion, with no rights infringement, no sovereignty restriction, no upward consolidation, and no due process or takings issue.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c4297a0dd477db17033e62f9208a418383cfef13f93b56890a0c4754499152e7", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:50:00.519221+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 218 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/218" }, { "grade_id": 219, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/219", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-35", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 35", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to \"Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-35", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/35", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 35 uses lawful congressional oversight to nullify an EPA methane fee rule, reducing federal exactions and compliance control without infringing rights, taking property, or consolidating power. It is a constitutional rollback of executive action.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "79fd50e62aed707fce6a5375c2997a56cfbd7f1dae46bc6a75113967498846cd", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:50:16.864183+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 219 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/219" }, { "grade_id": 220, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/220", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-3", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 3", "measure_title": "A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to \"Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-3", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/3", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 3 is constitutional. It uses lawful congressional authority under Article I to nullify an IRS rule that expanded federal surveillance of decentralized transactions, thereby protecting Fourth Amendment privacy, individual sovereignty, and Tenth Amendment decentralization. The SI analysis finds no rights infringement or power overreach in the disapproval itself.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4ed53852f96d581c99421150ca95b19fded7ce5519e37cbcbab44aaf217c81c6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:50:29.069747+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 220 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/220" }, { "grade_id": 221, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/221", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sjres-119-10", "measure_ref": "S.J.Res. 10", "measure_title": "A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sjres-119-10", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-joint-resolution/10", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SJRES 10 is constitutional. It uses lawful congressional authority to end an energy emergency, reducing federal overreach, restoring Bill of Rights safeguards, protecting individual sovereignty, decentralizing decisions toward states, and preserving due process and just compensation. SI analysis finds no rights infringement or power overstep.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "d4446f33536c498c0756957830c2c3f262852171e8faa14e68c62298ce09cdb8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:50:39.561995+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 221 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/221" }, { "grade_id": 222, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/222", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "sconres-119-7", "measure_ref": "S.Con.Res. 7", "measure_title": "An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/sconres-119-7", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-concurrent-resolution/7", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SCONRES 7 is a routine internal congressional budget framework for FY2025 through FY2034. It stays inside the taxing, borrowing, and appropriations powers, imposes no rights burden, takes no property, and centralizes nothing that a lower level could handle. Grade A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "386598f0ecc62f5158b0c575111a1e3726c2a7b914490a04d05739225415b7e6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:50:52.049355+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 222 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/222" }, { "grade_id": 223, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/223", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-5", "measure_ref": "S. 5", "measure_title": "Laken Riley Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-5", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/5", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "Federal detention and removal of noncitizens unlawfully present is within enumerated immigration power and properly federal, but mandatory detention triggered by mere arrest or charge for theft-related offenses permits extended loss of liberty without conviction or individualized hearing, creating significant Fifth and Sixth Amendment due process and individual sovereignty problems requiring a prompt hearing safeguard.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "16c4756124db3c34c16085a06c15b9b722a075f74afb17ecd344dd3c32be2746", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:51:07.967638+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 223 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/223" }, { "grade_id": 224, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/224", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-997", "measure_ref": "H.R. 997", "measure_title": "National Taxpayer Advocate Enhancement Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-997", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/997", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 997 is an internal organizational reform within Congress's tax power that creates no new regulatory burden, rights restriction, or taking. It remains within enumerated tax authority and improves taxpayer advocacy.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b31eff171c52fa0d06b689dcf78073650e4dc66575466c4a9644808c6b4ee671", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-05T07:00:00.028981+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:51:23.059404+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 224 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/224" }, { "grade_id": 225, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/225", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-9576", "measure_ref": "H.R. 9576", "measure_title": "National Fraud Enforcement Division Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-9576", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9576", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Statutory authorization for a DOJ division to investigate and prosecute fraud against federal taxpayer programs is squarely within Congressional spending and necessary-and-proper authority, infringes no enumerated or unenumerated right, stays at the proper federal level, and preserves due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9829b35536c681feb11881c666c349a08b7483372bf561afb598858668aefb40", "source_fetched_at": "2026-09-20T05:15:00.613846+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:51:36.442482+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 225 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/225" }, { "grade_id": 226, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/226", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-213", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 213", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule issued by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the \"California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Commercial Harbor Craft Regulations; Notice of Decision\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-213", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/213", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 213 is a constitutional use of congressional oversight to nullify an EPA authorization for added California harbor-craft emission rules. It stays within enumerated legislative power, infringes no rights, reduces burdens on individuals, returns decision-making toward the states, and involves no taking or due-process denial.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7cfe50b8f5c21a8898d096a6896ba09d2e31c4875edf636689cebd8b493f0152", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:51:49.882693+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 226 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/226" }, { "grade_id": 227, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/227", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-10326", "measure_ref": "H.R. 10326", "measure_title": "PROOF Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-10326", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/10326", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "The PROOF Act is a constitutional exercise of Congress spending and oversight power to protect federal taxpayer funds from fraud, with use limitations and reporting that avoid rights infringement, sovereignty restrictions, and due-process bypass.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "842db6fb2b97b2947e68af26f3556dd4a8c69643d1c25a33fab093f679cc7ff1", "source_fetched_at": "2026-09-20T05:15:00.761721+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:52:05.577973+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 227 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/227" }, { "grade_id": 228, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/228", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-9497", "measure_ref": "H.R. 9497", "measure_title": "Water Resources Development Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-9497", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9497", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Authorizing Army Corps navigation, port, flood-control, and restoration work falls squarely within Commerce Clause and spending powers, with no rights restriction, sovereignty burden, or due process taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "fe66cfa141bf7d69638489eb157b57806ed55f2e79dd5efe8c988f89c0ed1f0a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-09-21T05:15:00.752018+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:52:20.684382+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 228 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/228" }, { "grade_id": 229, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/229", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-32", "measure_ref": "S. 32", "measure_title": "LACA", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-32", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/32", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "LACA is a routine Article I and Article III housekeeping measure that designates additional federal court locations. It stays within enumerated power, infringes no rights, expands court access and due process, and decentralizes proceedings. Fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6ea5ea8b41e0b028d2601766a890d269a20f8d702b74fc307b3683c59f81fe38", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:52:37.633152+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 229 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/229" }, { "grade_id": 230, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/230", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-307", "measure_ref": "S. 307", "measure_title": "Prison Staff Safety Enhancement Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-307", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/307", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal staff-safety standards for federal prisons are within congressional authority, create no rights infringement, and consolidate no outside power. Grade A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "fbe09d532baf4b74343a67a2002a60ed3023b05668c3e362783b1a03486371ee", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:52:53.494714+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 230 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/230" }, { "grade_id": 231, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/231", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-210", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 210", "measure_title": "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to \"California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Ocean-Going Vessels At-Berth; Notice of Decision\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-210", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/210", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 210 is a constitutional exercise of congressional oversight under the Commerce Clause and the legislative process. Using SI-reviewed legislative history, it disapproves an EPA authorization without infringing the Bill of Rights, expanding individual burdens, bypassing due process, or consolidating power beyond the minimum necessary for uniform regulation of interstate and foreign vessel traffic.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "20e49e151d40f0d1fabc9d2e927f89457701f9c1754c37d1d2157f97999a009d", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T09:07:00.011941+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:53:14.125981+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 231 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/231" }, { "grade_id": 232, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/232", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-9500", "measure_ref": "H.R. 9500", "measure_title": "Tax Relief for Fraud Victims Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-9500", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9500", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional tax-relief measure within Congress's enumerated taxing power that infringes no rights, expands individual financial recovery, stays at the proper federal level for federal taxes, and adds due process protections.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "af920c46b2cdbc0edfc901c713e01fb38ab2190d1e4cd12f5d47bc38c9a6cf73", "source_fetched_at": "2026-09-17T05:15:00.710548+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:53:30.548898+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 232 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/232" }, { "grade_id": 233, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/233", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8278", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8278", "measure_title": "Fostering the Use of Technology to Uphold Regulatory Effectiveness in Supervision Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8278", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8278", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Internal housekeeping bill requiring existing federal financial regulators to assess supervisory technology and report to Congress every five years. Grounded in Commerce and Necessary and Proper powers, it creates no new regulation, no rights restriction, no taking, and no centralization.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "024ca157c08049c0483ad4be1f3477290e496f66c9e9f40ac03f4b1b76a974e3", "source_fetched_at": "2026-09-17T05:15:00.491996+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:53:43.235578+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 233 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/233" }, { "grade_id": 234, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/234", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hconres-119-93", "measure_ref": "H.Con.Res. 93", "measure_title": "Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with Iran.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hconres-119-93", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/93", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HCONRES 93 is constitutional. It enforces the Article I war powers of Congress, infringes no rights, restricts no individual liberty, keeps war decisions at the constitutionally assigned federal legislative level, and observes due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3de4f99d777d885b3e4de7839b7ba1cc9855ee360bba6150fa09a1734fdb7fb9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:53:59.112951+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 234 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/234" }, { "grade_id": 235, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/235", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-2140", "measure_ref": "H.R. 2140", "measure_title": "Diesel Emissions Reduction Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-2140", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2140", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary federal grant program grounded in the Article I spending power with no rights infringement or coercion, but it places at the federal level a function states and localities could perform, warranting a B.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "fdde730eb95f54957bb703c2a03c7c77365a30414d252cb49967a7597d629bdb", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:54:10.933236+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 235 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/235" }, { "grade_id": 236, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/236", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-2978", "measure_ref": "H.R. 2978", "measure_title": "GUARD Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-2978", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2978", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "The GUARD Act is constitutionally sound. It uses existing spending authority to let state, local, and tribal agencies investigate financial and elder fraud, offers voluntary federal blockchain-tracing assistance, and requires FinCEN reports. It creates no new crime, mandate, search authority, or taking, and it decentralizes enforcement rather than concentrating federal power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b3b28c9de75e65062bd65ab0aaadee49893b8667a196ecf66cc3b577cc2d587a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:54:37.055555+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 236 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/236" }, { "grade_id": 237, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/237", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-4646", "measure_ref": "H.R. 4646", "measure_title": "Whistleblower Protection Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-4646", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4646", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This bill is a constitutional exercise of the spending and oversight power that protects whistleblower speech on federal housing funds without infringing rights, seizing property, denying due process, or shifting new power to the federal level.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a99c925a25797f0cd3dcb8cb25eef4a4445d895960cffef1dcd27113f308b7a3", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:54:57.109248+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 237 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/237" }, { "grade_id": 238, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/238", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1530", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1530", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 9576) to establish the National Fraud Enforcement Division of the Department of Justice; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 10326) to enhance information-sharing capabilities between Federal law enforcement and State agencies to detect, investigate, and prosecute fraud in certain Federal programs, and to protect individual privacy; providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 210) providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to ‘‘California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Ocean-Going Vessels At-Berth; Notice of Decision''; providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 213) providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule issued by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the ‘‘California State Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; Commercial Harbor Craft Regulations; Notice of Decision''; and providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 5334) to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow early childhood educators to take the educator expense deduction, and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1530", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1530", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HRES 1530 is an internal House procedural rule authorized expressly by Article I, Section 5, Clause 2. It enacts no substantive law, restricts no rights, takes no property, and consolidates no power. It is fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "fcda788d9114f8bbf22734f1da43f74784a32ae87a0c178c2686c34df3559114", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:55:14.439993+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 238 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/238" }, { "grade_id": 239, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/239", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-3633", "measure_ref": "H.R. 3633", "measure_title": "Digital Asset Market Clarity Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-3633", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3633", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal market-structure bill within Commerce Clause authority that sets CFTC and SEC jurisdiction, maturity-based exemptions, and intermediary safeguards without restricting speech, ownership, or due process. Minor recordkeeping tension is fixable through supervision.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4ac234ca930fa330cf771b9d56285635ba3412b8894b7a15691c818397b38772", "source_fetched_at": "2026-08-09T05:15:01.065274+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:55:30.964939+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 239 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/239" }, { "grade_id": 240, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/240", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-4219", "measure_ref": "H.R. 4219", "measure_title": "National Wildlife Refuge System Invasive Species Strike Team Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-4219", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4219", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 4219 gives statutory authority to an existing refuge-based invasive species program and requires a progress report. Congress is acting on federal property it already owns, which the Property Clause expressly authorizes, with no rights infringement, no private mandate, and no upward power grab.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "55a1887c587d288407361cff81ff12081bb0103b06f3270683991a5ead1414e8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:55:44.930261+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 240 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/240" }, { "grade_id": 241, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/241", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-9436", "measure_ref": "H.R. 9436", "measure_title": "Northeast Lobsterman Protection Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-9436", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9436", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "A routine exercise of the commerce power over interstate fisheries that adds no new rights burden, taking, or centralization. The SI review finds it extends the status quo deadline for whale-protection gear rules from 2028 to 2035, reducing near-term regulatory pressure on lobstermen while retaining federal protection authority.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "dd8f8ac4b3f906344b27b38aa53a1b35ec8588f00a5ce0b308a162cd4e535cbd", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:56:04.868766+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 241 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/241" }, { "grade_id": 242, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/242", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8800", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8800", "measure_title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8800", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8800", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "The FY2027 defense authorization falls squarely within Congress enumerated defense powers and does not restrict protected rights, individual sovereignty, or due process, while defense is properly federal under decentralization.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5706614277e36786193fed4db285bc006e63b379c2342c5eb7fa1da51fd662dc", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T07:59:37.656974+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:56:17.643630+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 242 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/242" }, { "grade_id": 243, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/243", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-1501", "measure_ref": "H.R. 1501", "measure_title": "Protecting Domestic Mining Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-1501", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1501", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal permitting-reform bill grounded in the Commerce Clause and Property Clause that speeds existing reviews without infringing rights, sovereignty, or due process, and without expanding federal power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5f9b465dfaab8d08f9e500b3f57a41ae95569dee6e76dce0544201b4d644f09a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:56:28.918488+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 243 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/243" }, { "grade_id": 244, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/244", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-4795", "measure_ref": "H.R. 4795", "measure_title": "Protect Economic and Academic Freedom Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-4795", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4795", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal funding conditions are within the spending power, with fair process and no taking, but tying aid to non-participation in Israel boycotts burdens protected political expression and expressive association, requiring a rewrite to protect speech while pursuing funding neutrality.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5a315ed0d5aa24beb9040e69f46f5aadf8ae797b83331e81589a324fd4130b71", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T10:07:00.014452+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:56:45.879640+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 244 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/244" }, { "grade_id": 245, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/245", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hjres-119-1", "measure_ref": "H.J.Res. 1", "measure_title": "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hjres-119-1", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-joint-resolution/1", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HJRES 1 uses the constitutionally prescribed Article V amendment process to fix Supreme Court membership at one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. It asserts no unauthorized federal power, infringes no right, restricts no individual liberty, transfers no decision upward, and denies no process or property. Failed House passage on 2026-09-02 does not affect its constitutional soundness.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c1bc1c71a97562463dec0f547bb71274ba238b32cf4169be766a85dc6728e397", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:57:02.803503+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 245 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/245" }, { "grade_id": 246, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/246", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1499", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1499", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1501) to amend the FAST Act to include certain mineral production activities as a covered project, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 9436) to amend the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 to extend the time period for which certain regulations concerning the North Atlantic right whale are effective; providing for consideration of the resolution (H. Res. 1490) providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4795) to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to prohibit an institution that participates in a nonexpressive commercial boycott of Israel from being eligible for certain funds under that Act, to require an institution that participates in certain programs under that Act to certify that students are not unreasonably obstructed from participating in academic programs in Israel, and for other purposes; and relating to consideration of motions to suspend the rules.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1499", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1499", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "House rule governing debate on listed bills is expressly authorized by Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 and restricts no private rights, property, or process. Any First Amendment concern attaches to the underlying boycott bill, not to scheduling its consideration.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7291859457b86287aa73b6528d89ee043728f3d818b70a13524f197b1ab1a3e6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T11:00:41.792324+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:57:21.249344+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 246 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/246" }, { "grade_id": 247, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/247", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1498", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1498", "measure_title": "In the matter of allegations relating to Representative Chuck Edwards.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1498", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1498", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "House censure of its own Member is expressly authorized by Article I, Section 5, Clause 2. It infringes no Bill of Rights protection, restricts no private sovereignty, stays at the correct level of government, and follows Ethics Committee process with a House vote. Fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5b5176d2585d7081675c4678766e9bd72782fa0942c19e2f889c7ea9bc0eba75", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:57:41.809167+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 247 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/247" }, { "grade_id": 248, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/248", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1490", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1490", "measure_title": "Providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1490", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1490", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HRES 1490 is non-binding House speech condemning socialism and affirming election principles. It creates no law, penalty, mandate, surveillance, or taking, and leaves individual rights and state powers intact under the First, Ninth, and Tenth Amendments. Minor rhetorical tension around a named association does not become a constitutional violation without enforcement.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4ab11590e785abb6d6ed60bcf6a9aeb4b4be138f781a3fadc82077ad09f164b0", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T11:00:41.792324+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:57:58.640586+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 248 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/248" }, { "grade_id": 249, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/249", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8595", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8595", "measure_title": "Making appropriations for national security, Department of State, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8595", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8595", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "FY2027 State Department and national-security appropriations exercise core delegated federal powers over foreign relations and the purse, impose no restriction on speech, arms, privacy, trial rights, private conduct, or property, operate at the only level capable of conducting foreign policy, and follow legislative due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6e656fe3ec7cbe1622bc5b75e389145999f56082b2593327a0b761441b706840", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T12:07:00.011802+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:58:14.893723+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 249 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/249" }, { "grade_id": 250, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/250", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-4541", "measure_ref": "H.R. 4541", "measure_title": "To reauthorize the Young Women’s Breast Health Education and Awareness Requires Learning Young Act of 2009.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-4541", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4541", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary federal health grants supported by Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 with no rights infringement or mandate. Sole concern is centralization: states and local providers could fund and direct this work under the Tenth Amendment, making continued federal direction a minor structural cost.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "820aa5b568b615ebe8d4856e47f9971cc527b8f8c045cbcde4d0f7fa781926df", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T12:07:00.011802+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:58:34.668378+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 250 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/250" }, { "grade_id": 251, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/251", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hconres-119-113", "measure_ref": "H.Con.Res. 113", "measure_title": "Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2027 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2028 through 2036.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hconres-119-113", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/113", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HCONRES 113 is a routine concurrent budget framework exercising explicit Article I taxing, borrowing, and appropriations powers. It restricts no individual rights, takes no property, and operates at the only level that can set the federal budget.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f11a5caa067abb5b712cc299390de6e0b246ff89e29f314cf8feb1dcb483c4c9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-07-21T05:15:00.423761+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:58:50.002613+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 251 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/251" }, { "grade_id": 252, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/252", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8884", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8884", "measure_title": "Removing Barriers to Work for Disabled Americans Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8884", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8884", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary SSDI demonstration authority with income protection and stronger congressional oversight is within the taxing, spending, and necessary-and-proper powers and infringes no rights, sovereignty, federalism, or due-process guarantee.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7774da08a14cff8519f5b922d663088b035d3eb1ae53007835b6fe02278084b8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T07:59:37.656974+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:59:02.412791+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 252 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/252" }, { "grade_id": 253, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/253", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-3937", "measure_ref": "H.R. 3937", "measure_title": "Wabeno Economic Development Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-3937", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3937", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional disposal of a small federal parcel at market value under the Property Clause, with no rights infringement, no taking, and movement of control toward private and local hands.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e0ae411d70a03fc70f71ad0d09738fefcbb4a89d23fb6eef12e6e2bb6555835e", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T13:07:00.015518+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:59:17.379903+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 253 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/253" }, { "grade_id": 254, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/254", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-9770", "measure_ref": "H.R. 9770", "measure_title": "Continuing Appropriations Act, 2027", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-9770", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9770", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Routine continuing resolution exercising the express appropriations power in Article I, Section 9, Clause 7. It preserves existing federal operations, adds no new restriction on rights or private conduct, and takes no property.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c5cc146bb88f28c4a7dab63a12a77b003f081d7b1d95cd4015ae116e911e2903", "source_fetched_at": "2026-07-21T05:15:00.346432+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:59:35.122804+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 254 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/254" }, { "grade_id": 255, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/255", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-6955", "measure_ref": "H.R. 6955", "measure_title": "Main Street Capital Access Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-6955", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6955", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Deregulatory banking bill within Commerce and Necessary and Proper powers that reduces federal burdens, imposes no rights infringement, expands private and local decision-making, and takes no property without due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b3b02596536d149328022a1226b96e182912554a8440478d4780a4e60996c297", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T07:59:37.656974+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T10:59:49.904239+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 255 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/255" }, { "grade_id": 256, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/256", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-1118", "measure_ref": "H.R. 1118", "measure_title": "Value Over Cost Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-1118", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1118", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Routine internal federal procurement reform within Congress's spending and Necessary and Proper powers. It infringes no rights, restricts no individual liberty, takes no property, and centralizes nothing beyond the Federal Government buying for itself.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5ad6fc9567b33dc7de6edd77bea3894aa10ba718a34c7da9c046978376f0b29f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T13:07:00.015518+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:00:02.014066+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 256 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/256" }, { "grade_id": 257, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/257", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1438", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1438", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8800) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8884) to amend title II of the Social Security Act to reauthorize demonstration authority for the disability insurance program; providing for consideration of the concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 113) establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2027 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2028 through 2036; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7008) to amend chapter 131 of title 5 to require certain restrictions on stocks for Members of Congress and their spouses and dependents, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 6955) to make improvements to the Federal banking laws, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 9770) making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2027, and for other purposes; and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1438", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1438", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HRES 1438 is an internal House rules measure authorized by Article I, Section 5, Clause 2. It authorizes no surveillance, imposes no mandate on private persons, takes no property, and restricts no Bill of Rights freedom. Substantive constitutional questions belong to the underlying bills, not to this procedural vehicle.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f6c5a4a8300cc692d32250c632b699404bbc96a482dc90c95636db35f102b483", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T13:07:00.015518+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:00:14.954939+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 257 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/257" }, { "grade_id": 258, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/258", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8823", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8823", "measure_title": "Putting Patients First by Strengthening Provider Accountability in FECA Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8823", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8823", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Authorizing suspension of federal workers compensation payments to providers convicted of fraud is a narrow program-integrity measure within congressional spending and administration powers, triggered only after conviction with full trial protections.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9a1fb82fbb5f9653886ef1e7cf39939ff13f24419334717212d64a0335c3a1c6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T13:07:00.015518+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:00:26.311771+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 258 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/258" }, { "grade_id": 259, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/259", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-5362", "measure_ref": "H.R. 5362", "measure_title": "To name the Department of Veterans Affairs multispecialty clinic in Marietta, Georgia, as the \"Colonel Michael H. Boyce Department of Veterans Affairs Multispecialty Clinic\".", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-5362", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5362", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Honorific naming of an existing federal VA clinic in Marietta, Georgia. Within Congress's property and spending authority, restricts no rights, takes no property, and consolidates no new power. Fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a40aac0f3b9fcfd5cd812fe769574d6792ac354b92120b2ba632e7a101c03fff", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T13:07:00.015518+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:00:38.291946+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 259 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/259" }, { "grade_id": 260, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/260", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-2913", "measure_ref": "H.R. 2913", "measure_title": "Ukraine Support Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-2913", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2913", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 2913 operates within core federal foreign-affairs, defense, and foreign-commerce powers, imposes no domestic rights restriction or taking, and federal action is the only competent level. SI review finds it constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "5258e7ada300a1a395e5a19e4e35a81f75bbf46ffafde26faab47c4ee9b21696", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T13:07:00.015518+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:00:57.007262+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 260 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/260" }, { "grade_id": 261, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/261", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-139", "measure_ref": "H.R. 139", "measure_title": "Sunshine Protection Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-139", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/139", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Permanent daylight saving time is a uniform commercial standard within Congress commerce power. It restricts no protected right, takes no property, denies no hearing, preserves exempt-area choice, and leaves personal liberty intact.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "233bd645e8a90af55983d3f0f96c6f3d8184a0a5047dd5edd0c053339154d233", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:01:11.089442+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 261 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/261" }, { "grade_id": 262, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/262", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-4090", "measure_ref": "H.R. 4090", "measure_title": "Critical Mineral Dominance Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-4090", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4090", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional management of federal property with no rights limits, no private taking, and no upward power shift. Grounded in Article IV property power and foreign commerce study, this mineral plan earns top marks.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f48beaccec35ffb5c5c69b3d7a39ae0dcb773243d13c2933d83b07ee040272d0", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:01:24.192516+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 262 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/262" }, { "grade_id": 263, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/263", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-1181", "measure_ref": "H.R. 1181", "measure_title": "Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-1181", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1181", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 1181 is a narrow exercise of the Commerce Clause to bar national card networks from singling out firearms retailers with distinct merchant codes, with DOJ enforcement. It claims no new federal police power, infringes no right, expands individual privacy for lawful purchasers, and addresses an inherently interstate network that states cannot uniformly govern.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e85f5b89d245a0fe7dd03c360324c0e5d936630e1199b15721764ec5caa576a2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:01:40.153282+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 263 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/263" }, { "grade_id": 264, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/264", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-5587", "measure_ref": "H.R. 5587", "measure_title": "HEATS Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-5587", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5587", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review: the HEATS Act reduces federal overreach on state and private lands by removing federal drilling permits and federal environmental and historic review where the federal subsurface interest is under 50 percent and a state permit exists. It respects enumerated limits, the Tenth Amendment, property rights, and due process, leaving regulation at the state level. Grade A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a2a0eb34624a2648d2c422d2e762aea7c1f624f52858af021ac0e305cf3db39f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:02:02.090084+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 264 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/264" }, { "grade_id": 265, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/265", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1423", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1423", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 139) to make daylight savings time permanent, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8595) making appropriations for national security, Department of State, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 9237) to amend titles 10 and 38, United States Code, and other Federal laws, to improve benefits for veterans and the administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1181) to prohibit payment card networks and covered entities from requiring the use of or assigning merchant category codes that distinguish a firearms retailer from general-merchandise retailer or sporting-goods retailer, and for other purposes; and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1423", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1423", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HRES 1423 is an internal House procedural rule authorized by Article I, Section 5. It takes no property, imposes no mandate, and infringes no rights; it only schedules debate on four bills.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "706935b129b846a302ce54e0b7093585494ad70b305fd0b7ec4d2399a3b048e4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-07-17T05:15:00.626799+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T11:02:17.222752+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 265 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/265" }, { "grade_id": 266, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/266", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8897", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8897", "measure_title": "Improving Travel for American Families Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8897", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8897", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional pilot program within Congress commerce power that eases travel burdens without infringing rights, restricting liberty, centralizing new power, or bypassing due process.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6246731a87a02d05977b650fe4656727c109dec003f458988ad1c088cfc62cca", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:18:26.315186+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 266 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/266" }, { "grade_id": 267, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/267", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-3106", "measure_ref": "H.R. 3106", "measure_title": "Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-3106", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3106", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 3106 requires only a DHS terrorism plus extreme-cold preparedness exercise and a report to Congress with lessons learned. It exercises core federal national-defense authority, restricts no rights, seizes no property, skips no due process, and consolidates no permanent power. Fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c6091bafe47dd2e3ea17ce9db15b7daba5262221a6623e501c72a426d8c1d06c", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:18:39.225116+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 267 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/267" }, { "grade_id": 268, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/268", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8469", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8469", "measure_title": "Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8469", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8469", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Routine FY2027 Military Construction and Veterans Affairs funding bill operating squarely within Congress's spending and defense powers, with no rights infringement, sovereignty restriction, or unlawful centralization.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "b0f8303531bd2c2161bb62ac921641699541c7569c2b82982d94465e8280e3e5", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:18:52.526780+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 268 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/268" }, { "grade_id": 269, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/269", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1398", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1398", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8800) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8595) making appropriations for national security, Department of State, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8884) to amend title II of the Social Security Act to reauthorize demonstration authority for the disability insurance program; providing for consideration of the resolution (H. Res. 1383) commemorating the one-year anniversary of the enactment of the Working Families Tax Cuts; and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1398", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1398", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "H. Res. 1398 is a routine House procedural rule setting terms for debating defense, national security, disability demonstration authority, and commemorative measures. The Constitution expressly lets the House set its own rules in Article I, Section 5, and this resolution infringes no rights, takes no property, and centralizes no power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3239c58f200558583a9c5d105375d4675489ecc99979d9f644a1c5f70a54415c", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:19:05.322209+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 269 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/269" }, { "grade_id": 270, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/270", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7757", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7757", "measure_title": "KIDS Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7757", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7757", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 2, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal commerce authority exists for interstate platforms, and due process structure is preserved, but the bill imposes broad speech and association limits, mandated identification systems, and federal design standards better handled by parents and states, requiring a narrower rewrite toward parental tools and privacy-protective verification.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "89617a820b24c852691bda475e2c9cb24c27df77c426de97da25d7c8532b8c80", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:19:19.475164+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 270 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/270" }, { "grade_id": 271, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/271", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7401", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7401", "measure_title": "Small Business Lending Fraud Prevention Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7401", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7401", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 7401 is a narrow internal integrity measure requiring SBA loan officials to certify no conflict and disclose later conflicts, consistent with enumerated spending and necessary-and-proper authority. It infringes no rights, takes no property, bypasses no due process, and consolidates no new federal power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "570c00c043ea855458070d00344c0ef4db9821f483c05eb9fb27a0e5790aeb09", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:19:28.278745+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 271 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/271" }, { "grade_id": 272, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/272", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-915", "measure_ref": "H.R. 915", "measure_title": "Small Business Technological Advancement Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-915", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/915", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": false, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary federal loan-guarantee expansion with no Bill of Rights violation, but it lacks a clear enumerated power and centralizes routine business financing at the federal level in tension with the Tenth Amendment.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "48f88a00d6195ef5ae113fc58df9011f8bf16d7a522ef8a6e1df99ccb7d20dc5", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:19:47.495925+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 272 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/272" }, { "grade_id": 273, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/273", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7128", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7128", "measure_title": "TRIA Program Reauthorization Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7128", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7128", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "SI review finds the TRIA reauthorization through 2034 is a routine exercise of commerce and necessary-and-proper authority to stabilize interstate insurance markets, with no rights restriction, sovereignty burden, or due-process taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f0927417c291ec521d077da894545b145952b96b7ff2e070865977be391d3d61", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:19:58.173100+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 273 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/273" }, { "grade_id": 274, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/274", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-2478", "measure_ref": "H.R. 2478", "measure_title": "Financial Exploitation Prevention Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-2478", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2478", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary, time-limited federal procedure to pause suspected elder exploitation redemptions fits interstate commerce authority and preserves ownership with notice and court review. Minor tension remains from temporary loss of access to personal funds, warranting tight construction and prompt review, but no direct rights violation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "2feaed338aea57e38f6d7a2202bb0dde1271d806209ed1c384b03cefd3c619f4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T14:07:00.011894+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:20:10.444016+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 274 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/274" }, { "grade_id": 275, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/275", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-629", "measure_ref": "S. 629", "measure_title": "Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-629", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/629", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary disaster cost-share expansion within Congress spending power under Article I, Section 8, Clause 1. No rights restricted, no mandate imposed, no property taken, and no power consolidated beyond existing programs.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "4b469dface2c1ea74fb6ac821fc142fad4ed6f3a479337dcb29f26ee9934eb92", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:20:22.687396+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 275 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/275" }, { "grade_id": 276, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/276", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1399", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1399", "measure_title": "Directing the Committee on Ethics to preserve and publicly release records relating to monetary settlements involving acts of sexual harassment.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1399", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1399", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "House internal transparency rule squarely authorized by Article I, Section 5, Clauses 2-3. It spends no new private regulation, restricts no citizen liberty, centralizes no power, and takes no property. Any fairness concern about naming Members is mitigated because listing is limited to matters resulting in taxpayer-funded payments.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9bf4f5daaf3c3d1c41f5ab1eaf2cfdf4e81cef5334337d8232c3cc0a41f38c39", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:20:33.950199+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 276 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/276" }, { "grade_id": 277, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/277", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hconres-119-108", "measure_ref": "H.Con.Res. 108", "measure_title": "Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities in Lebanon.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hconres-119-108", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/108", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HCONRES 108 is a constitutional exercise of congressional war powers directing withdrawal from unauthorized hostilities in Lebanon. It enforces Article I war authority against executive overreach and infringes no rights.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "95d6550de6785cb40b541fc0bb4fc7eec021b4ff84a39cf3b85457875d1f6a52", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T16:07:00.011402+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:20:42.190960+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 277 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/277" }, { "grade_id": 278, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/278", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-1003", "measure_ref": "S. 1003", "measure_title": "Lulu’s Law", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-1003", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1003", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Lulu's Law is a narrow administrative direction for the Federal Communications Commission to allow shark-attack warnings on the existing wireless alert system. It exercises a clear commerce power, restricts no rights, takes no property, and adds no federal control over local responders.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "51d3634055956485308ee04e6acf0b7ecdf3358acfe294dfbc7d483302a0766b", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T16:07:00.011402+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:20:56.417699+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 278 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/278" }, { "grade_id": 279, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/279", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-5103", "measure_ref": "H.R. 5103", "measure_title": "Make the District of Columbia Safe and Beautiful Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-5103", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5103", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional advisory and housekeeping measure for the federal District under Article I, Section 8, Clause 17. Time-limited commission and Interior maintenance program create no rights infringement, sovereignty restriction, or due process taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "cc4247d8513bbc605e8b5218124d1b74736a30fc7380a5957d9dabf993e3b1a6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T17:07:00.016123+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:21:06.110467+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 279 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/279" }, { "grade_id": 280, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/280", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-254", "measure_ref": "S. 254", "measure_title": "ARTIST Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-254", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/254", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional federal protection of lawful interstate commerce in authentic Alaska Native handicrafts under the Commerce Clause, with no rights infringement and no centralization of power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "e962d96a8a0a8daa50a51787a5f682c79c698be72777c11c2a46b8ff773d40e9", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:21:18.109437+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 280 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/280" }, { "grade_id": 281, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/281", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-9238", "measure_ref": "H.R. 9238", "measure_title": "To amend the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 to extend the authorities of title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-9238", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9238", "grade": "F", "grade_meaning": "Direct violation", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 1, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "Extension of FISA Title VII Section 702 authority continues warrantless collection that incidentally sweeps in U.S. person communications and permits later searching without probable-cause warrants, in direct tension with the Fourth Amendment and with First Amendment speech protections and Fifth Amendment due process. Federal authority for foreign intelligence exists, but the method violates rights and individual sovereignty.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "7902e709022dd294310421f099fdd2dda596cd012b01835a256dab42519e2a80", "source_fetched_at": "2026-06-12T05:15:00.652708+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:21:34.319116+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 281 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/281" }, { "grade_id": 282, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/282", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1335", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1335", "measure_title": "Condemning actors seeking to defraud the United States Government, and expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that governmentwide fraud and improper payment prevention reforms will meaningfully improve the financial prosperity of the United States, and that Federal program eligibility should be verified before payment.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1335", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1335", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Non-binding House resolution condemning fraud against the United States and supporting verification of federal program eligibility before payment. It exercises legitimate spending-oversight authority, infringes no rights, restricts no private conduct, creates no new power, and denies no process. Fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "58265b66e6138d90199717e80fe7279fa7f70dbc7dc161ecd60aef0fd8336169", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:21:46.511926+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 282 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/282" }, { "grade_id": 283, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/283", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7892", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7892", "measure_title": "No Aid for Ghost Students Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7892", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7892", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional fraud-prevention condition on federal spending. Congress uses its Spending Clause authority to protect public funds, with notice and a clear cure, no rights infringement, and no upward consolidation beyond the federal program itself.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6bbe1b773eebdfed13dd369c7132f4ff0d87c334c6a9aeb210e0209c0c60f681", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:22:00.906960+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 283 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/283" }, { "grade_id": 284, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/284", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8312", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8312", "measure_title": "Fraud Prevention and Accountability Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8312", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8312", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional exercise of the spending and necessary-and-proper powers to prevent fraud in federal payments, with oversight retained in courts. Minor Fourth Amendment tension from interagency and private-entity data sharing requires privacy safeguards, but no direct rights violation, warranting a B.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "238738a3db590e4d3d74f7fb5d6eeb99e0cc3465af077c0c9c3c7e6ec2072ce8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T08:04:07.691229+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:22:13.578537+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 284 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/284" }, { "grade_id": 285, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/285", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8464", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8464", "measure_title": "Stopping Fraudulent Payments Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8464", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8464", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This bill manages federal spending with temporary, documented, narrow, time-limited fraud checks under Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 and 18. It touches no right in the Bill of Rights, imposes no restriction on personal sovereignty, stays at the proper federal disbursing level, and preserves due process while creating no permanent property taking.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "42855b0511ac098de388775f5a62a53290d74f73a230c2e68fac857b917cd656", "source_fetched_at": "2026-06-10T05:15:00.680289+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:22:35.801926+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 285 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/285" }, { "grade_id": 286, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/286", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-3276", "measure_ref": "H.R. 3276", "measure_title": "Local Communities & Bird Habitat Stewardship Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-3276", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3276", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary federal grant support for local urban bird stewardship under the Spending Clause with no rights restriction, no compulsion, and no taking. Minor decentralization note that local work is central, but the federal role for migratory habitat is constitutionally grounded.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6e0d87336d2dba7d9c4acda66b355ca9876919a44c9b07fbb057c8e6336c97f6", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:22:50.163341+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 286 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/286" }, { "grade_id": 287, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/287", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-5408", "measure_ref": "H.R. 5408", "measure_title": "Faster Labor Contracts Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-5408", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5408", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 1, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "Congress has Commerce Clause authority over labor relations, but HR 5408 imposes binding private contract terms through federal mediation and arbitration, freezes employment terms, and compels bargaining after decertification. Those features infringe freedom of association and contract, individual sovereignty, federalism, and due process, requiring structural rewrite.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9a9655066d55393f182ab5440e900ad6277a56719050f79bb3381b08c333cdf4", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:23:06.323735+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 287 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/287" }, { "grade_id": 288, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/288", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-2393", "measure_ref": "S. 2393", "measure_title": "Fiscal Year 2025 Veterans Affairs Major Medical Facility Authorization Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-2393", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2393", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Authorizing a VA hospital project in St. Louis is a core exercise of Congress war powers and spending authority with no rights infringement, no taking, and no improper centralization.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "899a892bb904ace8b16fd5e1508f5fcb7000bd3bff6757559ead26c15b2e44a1", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:23:22.921449+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 288 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/288" }, { "grade_id": 289, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/289", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1345", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1345", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8312) to establish fraud prevention and program integrity functions and data sharing authorities within the Department of Treasury and a permanent governmentwide Inspector General for Fraud, Accountability, and Recovery, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8464) to amend title 31, United States Code, to authorize pausing and segmenting payments, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the resolution (H. Res. 1335) condemning actors seeking to defraud the United States Government, and expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that governmentwide fraud and improper payment prevention reforms will meaningfully improve the financial prosperity of the United States, and that Federal program eligibility should be verified before payment; and providing for consideration of the bill (S. 2) to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of S. Con. Res. 33.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1345", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1345", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HRES 1345 is an internal House special rule setting terms for considering fraud-prevention and reconciliation measures. The House has explicit Article I, Section 5 authority to do so, and the rule itself restricts no rights, takes no property, and creates no substantive surveillance or enforcement power. Substantive constitutional questions belong to the underlying bills.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "91b73fbfdbed85f3526023e50ff459e6a08c357e5cbf9ac81b27987ffba973e2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:23:35.284952+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 289 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/289" }, { "grade_id": 290, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/290", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8428", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8428", "measure_title": "Federal Fraud Prevention Workforce Training Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8428", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8428", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "The bill is an internal housekeeping measure: Congress uses its spending and necessary-and-proper authority to require antifraud training for federal employees who handle federal money, with voluntary assistance to states and tribes. It infringes no rights, takes no property, denies no process, and consolidates no new federal power over private or state conduct.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "9a0c3a71308da4e8248fe3e213ef06eb57090ebacb21f5eddbb1e3ed5d451e00", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:23:55.611989+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 290 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/290" }, { "grade_id": 291, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/291", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1140", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1140", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5408) to accelerate workplace time-to-contract under the National Labor Relations Act.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1140", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1140", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "House rules measure under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 with no rights limit, no liberty limit, and no taking. Grade A.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "98e89e893ce326e3d3d1ba018543706ead7ad039ac61d7ab88cb9ad03c2f75b8", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:24:17.875001+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 291 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/291" }, { "grade_id": 292, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/292", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8466", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8466", "measure_title": "TRUE Accountability Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8466", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8466", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Internal fraud-control planning for federal emergency funds is a proper exercise of Congress spending and oversight authority, with no rights restriction, private mandate, taking, or upward consolidation of power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c18a578b6386346c41ceef5793f59c58eeda92b468e1b92dfbf6d6c61739fafa", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:24:32.569173+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 292 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/292" }, { "grade_id": 293, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/293", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-8646", "measure_ref": "H.R. 8646", "measure_title": "Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agency Appropriations Act, 2027", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-8646", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8646", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "This is a routine FY2027 funding measure grounded in the appropriations and spending powers. It creates no direct rights restriction, mandate, seizure, or taking, so it earns a B with only minor decentralization tension because large rural, housing, and nutrition programs could be handled more locally.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c0f8a49deffe4c3960700043f0d7a42bd2b3d53091aca14e6149630e848fbc3a", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T08:04:07.691229+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:24:51.283046+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 293 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/293" }, { "grade_id": 294, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/294", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "s-119-1318", "measure_ref": "S. 1318", "measure_title": "Fallen Servicemembers Religious Heritage Restoration Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/s-119-1318", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1318", "grade": "D", "grade_meaning": "Likely unconstitutional", "grade_band": "D-F", "checks_passed": 1, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": false, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": false, "explanation": "A mixed bill with one protective title and one rights-violating title. Banning direct Federal Reserve retail accounts and CBDC limits federal monetary surveillance power. But reauthorizing Section 702 to April 2029 without a warrant requirement for FBI U.S.-person queries continues warrantless search of private communications, violating the Fourth Amendment and individual sovereignty despite new audits and penalties.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "8eada4568d48eefd66807aa8c41b311d178106b053c7cb2b5249b41bd21e8b14", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:25:09.468284+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 294 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/294" }, { "grade_id": 295, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/295", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1336", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1336", "measure_title": "Waiving a requirement of clause 6(a) of rule XIII with respect to consideration of certain resolutions reported from the Committee on Rules.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1336", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1336", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "House Resolution 1336 is an internal procedural waiver allowing same-day consideration of specified Rules Committee reports. Under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 each House may set its own rules. It restricts no rights, takes no property, denies no process, and consolidates no substantive power, so it is fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "fe4b97321d70a384e51ec8e73310f9f99154b2496f0f2dae786b12b359bd29fc", "source_fetched_at": "2026-06-08T05:15:00.975154+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:25:23.080740+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 295 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/295" }, { "grade_id": 296, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/296", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-2860", "measure_ref": "H.R. 2860", "measure_title": "Northwest Straits Marine Conservation Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-2860", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2860", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Voluntary seven-year reauthorization of a regional advisory and restoration support body for Northwest Straits waters, with no mandates, penalties, searches, or property limits, supported by commerce and coordination authority and delivered through local committees.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "67d124f6682c03e0de3d9e8921ac765a075050c4c206cae2dee2e92b139e6e58", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:25:38.032577+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 296 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/296" }, { "grade_id": 297, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/297", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hconres-119-84", "measure_ref": "H.Con.Res. 84", "measure_title": "Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to remove United States Armed Forces from Lebanon.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hconres-119-84", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-concurrent-resolution/84", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HCONRES 84 is a constitutional exercise of shared war powers: Congress uses its Article I authority to end an undeclared deployment and directs withdrawal, with no rights infringement, no taking, and no improper consolidation of power.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "8549cf63d25afce2b6299325cc66278e64eaa0c0d7dd221e68d8326378ea0121", "source_fetched_at": "2026-06-08T05:15:00.695354+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:25:56.436215+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 297 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/297" }, { "grade_id": 298, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/298", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7726", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7726", "measure_title": "Stop Child Care Scams Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7726", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7726", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 7726 operates within the Spending Clause by tightening accountability for voluntary state child-care grants. It creates no new federal mandate, infringes no Bill of Rights protection, restricts no individual liberty, preserves state choice under the Tenth Amendment, and takes no private property. Constitutionally sound SI-reviewed grant-integrity measure.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "21a511fc0207fa850c94e21ec8b8dccc759b26e57eec612f21aada8cd01ce910", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:26:10.707517+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 298 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/298" }, { "grade_id": 299, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/299", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-518", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 518", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2913) to authorize support for Ukraine, and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-518", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/518", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HRES 518 is an internal House procedural rule authorized by Article I, Section 5, Clause 2. It spends nothing, mandates nothing for the public, infringes no rights, and consolidates no power. Constitutionally sound SI legislative procedure.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "56c73ba4531a39ace72172cf1dba50055a2404f105474c0c0bc71c75f1daf03f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-06-06T05:15:00.577987+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:26:25.968045+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 299 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/299" }, { "grade_id": 300, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/300", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1333", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1333", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8646) making appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7726) to amend the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 to withhold funds from noncompliant States under such Act; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7892) to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to require to the Secretary of Education to use an identity fraud detection system to review each FAFSA to determine whether the FAFSA presents a reasonable suspicion of identity fraud; and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 8872) to amend part A of title IV of the Social Security Act to target funds to low-income families, strengthen program integrity guardrails for State expenditure of funds, require measurement of improper payments, and establish goals for eliminating fraud and improper payments under the program of block grants to States for temporary assistance for needy families, and for other purposes.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1333", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1333", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HRES 1333 is an internal House procedural rule authorized by Article I, Section 5, Clause 2. It takes no substantive action on spending, child care, student assistance, or family assistance, and therefore infringes no rights, restricts no individual, consolidates no power, and denies no due process. SI review finds it constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "f4b62a38b79288e881305258b93f903e515fbdcc200ec3b2c62438791aad7b28", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T18:07:00.018224+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:26:42.958598+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 300 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/300" }, { "grade_id": 301, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/301", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-6047", "measure_ref": "H.R. 6047", "measure_title": "Sharri Briley and Eric Edmundson Veterans Benefits Expansion Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-6047", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6047", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal compensation and housing support for veterans and survivors falls squarely within Congressional military powers, infringes no rights, restricts no individual liberty, respects federalism because only the national government can honor service obligations, and takes no property. Supplemental allowance, DIC increase, and loan eligibility involve voluntary benefits with SI-reviewed fiscal provisions.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "31bb6fec7485e65ba0004d1552e1639c618cba7f4d64f7a939e3e5d2c99ee7f2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:26:58.211678+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 301 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/301" }, { "grade_id": 302, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/302", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-1041", "measure_ref": "H.R. 1041", "measure_title": "Veterans 2nd Amendment Protection Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-1041", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1041", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 1041 is constitutional. It limits federal administrative power, protects Second Amendment rights, and requires Fifth Amendment judicial due process before a veterans fiduciary status can affect firearms eligibility.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "a061759dd31786d921bcc5baf95216cd79e8e81becda013074b7d3739cd078bd", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:27:12.551831+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 302 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/302" }, { "grade_id": 303, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/303", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-5317", "measure_ref": "H.R. 5317", "measure_title": "Community Bank Deposit Access Act of 2025", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-5317", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5317", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "A narrow deregulatory adjustment within Congress commerce and deposit-insurance authority. It reduces federal oversight for well-capitalized community banks, infringes no enumerated or unenumerated right, and imposes no taking or process denial.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c534bbfaccb9cbc4da27a5221e6c4255dafdc5e953e0a0e44019c1715f44d8dc", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:27:27.021972+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 303 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/303" }, { "grade_id": 304, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/304", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-3234", "measure_ref": "H.R. 3234", "measure_title": "Keeping Deposits Local Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-3234", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3234", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 3234 is a technical amendment to existing federal deposit-insurance law, authorized by the Commerce and Necessary and Proper Clauses, that expands rather than restricts liberty and creates no rights, due process, or federalism violation.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c060443ae43736a941c0ec81d3fa81bc43ecf0cfeb7bc5ec400211ab5b5247aa", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:27:40.775686+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 304 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/304" }, { "grade_id": 305, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/305", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-1993", "measure_ref": "H.R. 1993", "measure_title": "25th Anniversary of 9/11 Commemorative Coin Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-1993", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1993", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Commemorative coinage is an express Article I power, the purchase and surcharge are fully voluntary, and no rights, sovereignty, federalism, or due process interest is impaired. The measure is constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "6266cc5dc7ea9f92e306af02d005cea4c88b5f955de0947d36a06a89fe24f539", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:27:59.280294+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 305 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/305" }, { "grade_id": 306, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/306", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-4544", "measure_ref": "H.R. 4544", "measure_title": "American Access to Banking Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-4544", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4544", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "HR 4544 is a procedural reform within clear federal banking authority that reduces regulatory friction, infringes no rights, takes no property, and decentralizes in effect by easing entry for new institutions. Fully constitutional.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "755c62329c9a078a6c7e38faaffe4fd7e0f742eb7d9a4a1f3d682911aaa19f55", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:28:10.636067+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 306 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/306" }, { "grade_id": 307, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/307", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-1329", "measure_ref": "H.R. 1329", "measure_title": "Smithsonian American Women’s History Museum Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-1329", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1329", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal siting of a Smithsonian museum on federal land in the District is within express congressional powers, creates no private restriction, takes no property, and uses government speech to define a museum mission.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "3b8ed7114e1ad578abe157508314fb0902af87da80e777fb70c9d6fc9d45ba9f", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:28:32.159147+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 307 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/307" }, { "grade_id": 308, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/308", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-2616", "measure_ref": "H.R. 2616", "measure_title": "Stopping Indoctrination and Protecting Kids Act", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-2616", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2616", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Constitutional conditional-spending measure that protects parental authority without mandating curriculum, compelling speech, or commandeering states. Grounded in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 and consistent with the First, Tenth, and Fourteenth Amendments.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "bf1425abb6b472b5f9820a77bc1b938be9cc25adcb3dce075de03be07ec9b1d2", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:28:48.989100+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 308 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/308" }, { "grade_id": 309, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/309", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1300", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1300", "measure_title": "Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1041) to amend title 38, United States Code, to prohibit the Secretary of Veterans Affairs from transmitting certain information to the Department of Justice for use by the national instant criminal background check system; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 6047) to amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to increase the dollar amounts for the payment of certain disability compensation and dependency and indemnity compensation under the laws administered by the Secretary; providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1329) to permit the Smithsonian American Women’s History Museum to be located within the Reserve of the National Mall, and for other purposes; and waiving a requirement of clause 6(a) of rule XIII with respect to consideration of certain resolutions reported from the Committee on Rules.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1300", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1300", "grade": "A", "grade_meaning": "Constitutional", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 5, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": true, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Procedural House rule setting debate terms for veterans gun-rights protections, disability pay increases, and a Smithsonian museum site. It rests on clear Article I rulemaking power, infringes no rights, restricts no individual, centralizes no new power, and denies no due process. The substance it enables strengthens Second and Fifth Amendment protections.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "bfeb2dc11b035e52da90628ddcc1846bafd545b895d3c947a7e211da3381aca7", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T19:07:00.022715+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:29:04.918505+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 309 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/309" }, { "grade_id": 310, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/310", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hres-119-1299", "measure_ref": "H.Res. 1299", "measure_title": "Providing for the concurrence by the House in the Senate amendment to H.R. 6644, with amendment.", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hres-119-1299", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-resolution/1299", "grade": "B", "grade_meaning": "Mostly sound", "grade_band": "A-B", "checks_passed": 4, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": true, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Federal reform and oversight of existing federal housing and mortgage programs is within the spending and commerce powers, respects speech, property and due process, and uses voluntary model codes rather than mandates. The SI grade is B rather than A because housing and land use remain quintessentially local and state matters under the Tenth Amendment, and the bill consolidates funding conditions, standards and oversight at the federal level.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "8250a1ddbed01ad53070e89ba1cd45abf448c427514483f85503686b4d442895", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-08T09:43:52.778023+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:29:24.747611+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 310 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/310" }, { "grade_id": 311, "permalink": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/311", "measure_type": "bill", "measure_id": "hr-119-7567", "measure_ref": "H.R. 7567", "measure_title": "Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026", "measure_page": "https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/bills/hr-119-7567", "official_source": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7567", "grade": "C", "grade_meaning": "Significant issues", "grade_band": "C", "checks_passed": 3, "check_enumerated_powers_passed": true, "check_bill_of_rights_passed": true, "check_individual_sovereignty_passed": false, "check_decentralization_passed": false, "check_due_process_takings_passed": true, "explanation": "Farm bill rests on spending and commerce powers and shows no direct Bill of Rights breach or taking, but its omnibus federal control of largely state and local farm, food, forestry and development matters plus property-use conditions creates significant sovereignty and Tenth Amendment tension requiring narrower, more decentralized drafting.", "rubric_version": "vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0", "source_hash": "c03e32167db8f561db18e0cd556ec6c3ee7bccb4a29cce4bfd120ed7a04dfd31", "source_fetched_at": "2026-10-07T20:07:00.025294+00:00", "graded_at": "2026-10-08T15:29:40.984904+00:00", "engine": "primary SI engine", "gate_version": "si-editorial-standard/1.0", "status": "current", "superseded_by_grade_id": null, "superseded_at": null, "citation": "Values for America Constitution Index, grade 311 (vfa-constitutional-grade/1.0), https://www.valuesforamerica.com/constitution-index/grades/311" } ] }